SUBROUTINE SFLX ( I ICE,DT,Z,NSOIL,SLDPTH, I LWDN,SOLDN,SFCPRS,PRCP,SFCTMP,TH2,Q2,SFCSPD,Q2SAT,DQSDT2, I VEGTYP,SOILTYP,SLOPETYP, I SHDFAC,PTU,TBOT,ALB,SNOALB, 2 CMC,T1,STC,SMC,SH2O,SNOWH,SNEQV,ALBEDO,CH,CM, O ETP,ETA,H,S,RUNOFF1,RUNOFF2,Q1,SNMAX, O SOILW,SOILM, SMCWLT,SMCDRY,SMCREF,SMCMAX ) C IMPLICIT NONE CC C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: SUB-DRIVER FOR "NOAH/OSU LSM" FAMILY OF PHYSICS SUBROUTINES CC FOR A SOIL/VEG/SNOWPACK LAND-SURFACE MODEL TO UPDATE SOIL CC MOISTURE, SOIL ICE, SOIL TEMPERATURE, SKIN TEMPERATURE, CC SNOWPACK WATER CONTENT, SNOWDEPTH, AND ALL TERMS CC OF THE SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE AND SURFACE WATER CC BALANCE (EXCLUDING INPUT ATMOSPHERIC FORCINGS OF CC DOWNWARD RADIATION AND PRECIP) CC CC VERSION 2.2 07 FEBRUARY 2001 CC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C ------------ FROZEN GROUND VERSION ---------------------------- C ADDED STATES: SH2O(NSOIL) - UNFROZEN SOIL MOISTURE C SNOWH - SNOW DEPTH C C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C C NOTE ON SNOW STATE VARIABLES: C SNOWH = actual physical snow depth in m C SNEQV = liquid water-equivalent snow depth in m C (time-dependent snow density is obtained from SNEQV/SNOWH) C C NOTE ON ALBEDO FRACTIONS: C Input: C ALB = BASELINE SNOW-FREE ALBEDO, FOR JULIAN DAY OF YEAR C (USUALLY FROM TEMPORAL INTERPOLATION OF MONTHLY MEAN VALUES) C (CALLING PROG MAY OR MAY NOT INCLUDE DIURNAL SUN ANGLE EFFECT) C SNOALB = UPPER BOUND ON MAXIMUM ALBEDO OVER DEEP SNOW C (E.G. FROM ROBINSON AND KUKLA, 1985, J. CLIM. & APPL. METEOR.) C Output: C ALBEDO = COMPUTED ALBEDO WITH SNOWCOVER EFFECTS C (COMPUTED USING ALB, SNOALB, SNEQV, AND SHDFAC->green veg frac) C C ARGUMENT LIST IN THE CALL TO SFLX C C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C 1. CALLING STATEMENT C C SUBROUTINE SFLX C I (ICE,DT,Z,NSOIL,SLDPTH, C I LWDN,SOLDN,SFCPRS,PRCP,SFCTMP,TH2,Q2,Q2SAT,DQSDT2, C I VEGTYP,SOILTYP,SLOPETYP, C I SHDFAC,PTU,TBOT,ALB,SNOALB, C I SFCSPD, C 2 CMC,T1,STC,SMC,SH2O,SNOWH,SNEQV,CH,CM, C O ETP,ETA,H,S,RUNOFF1,RUNOFF2,Q1,SNMAX,ALBEDO, C O SOILW,SOILM,SMCWLT,SMCDRY,SMCREF,SMCMAX) C C 2. INPUT (denoted by "I" in column six of argument list at top of routine) C ### GENERAL PARAMETERS ### C C ICE: SEA-ICE FLAG (=1: SEA-ICE, =0: LAND) C DT: TIMESTEP (SEC) C (DT SHOULD NOT EXCEED 3600 SECS, RECOMMEND 1800 SECS OR LESS) C Z: HEIGHT (M) ABOVE GROUND OF ATMOSPHERIC FORCING VARIABLES C NSOIL: NUMBER OF SOIL LAYERS C (at least 2, and not greater than parameter NSOLD set below) C SLDPTH: THE THICKNESS OF EACH SOIL LAYER (M) C C ### ATMOSPHERIC VARIABLES ### C C LWDN: LW DOWNWARD RADIATION (W M-2; POSITIVE, not net longwave) C SOLDN: SOLAR DOWNWARD RADIATION (W M-2; POSITIVE, not net shortwave) C SFCPRS: PRESSURE AT HEIGHT Z ABOVE GROUND (PASCALS) C PRCP: PRECIP RATE (KG M-2 S-1) (note, this is a rate) C SFCTMP: AIR TEMPERATURE (K) AT HEIGHT Z ABOVE GROUND C TH2: AIR POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (K) AT HEIGHT Z ABOVE GROUND C Q2: MIXING RATIO AT HEIGHT Z ABOVE GROUND (KG KG-1) C SFCSPD: WIND SPEED (M S-1) AT HEIGHT Z ABOVE GROUND C Q2SAT: SAT MIXING RATIO AT HEIGHT Z ABOVE GROUND (KG KG-1) C DQSDT2: SLOPE OF SAT SPECIFIC HUMIDITY CURVE AT T=SFCTMP (KG KG-1 K-1) C C ### CANOPY/SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ### C C VEGTYP: VEGETATION TYPE (INTEGER INDEX) C SOILTYP: SOIL TYPE (INTEGER INDEX) C SLOPETYP: CLASS OF SFC SLOPE (INTEGER INDEX) C SHDFAC: AREAL FRACTIONAL COVERAGE OF GREEN VEGETATION (range 0.0-1.0) C PTU: PHOTO THERMAL UNIT (PLANT PHENOLOGY FOR ANNUALS/CROPS) C (not yet used, but passed to REDPRM for future use in veg parms) C TBOT: BOTTOM SOIL TEMPERATURE (LOCAL YEARLY-MEAN SFC AIR TEMPERATURE) C ALB: BACKROUND SNOW-FREE SURFACE ALBEDO (FRACTION) C SNOALB: ALBEDO UPPER BOUND OVER DEEP SNOW (FRACTION) C C 3. STATE VARIABLES: BOTH INPUT AND OUTPUT C (NOTE: OUTPUT USUALLY MODIFIED FROM INPUT BY PHYSICS) C C (denoted by "2" in column six of argument list at top of routine) C C !!! ########### STATE VARIABLES ############## !!! C C CMC: CANOPY MOISTURE CONTENT (M) C T1: GROUND/CANOPY/SNOWPACK) EFFECTIVE SKIN TEMPERATURE (K) C C STC(NSOIL): SOIL TEMP (K) C SMC(NSOIL): TOTAL SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT (VOLUMETRIC FRACTION) C SH2O(NSOIL): UNFROZEN SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT (VOLUMETRIC FRACTION) C NOTE: FROZEN SOIL MOISTURE = SMC - SH2O C C SNOWH: SNOW DEPTH (M) C SNEQV: WATER-EQUIVALENT SNOW DEPTH (M) C NOTE: SNOW DENSITY = SNEQV/SNOWH C ALBEDO: SURFACE ALBEDO INCLUDING SNOW EFFECT (UNITLESS FRACTION) C CH: SFC EXCH COEF FOR HEAT AND MOISTURE (M S-1) C CM: SFC EXCH COEF FOR MOMENTUM (M S-1) C NOTE: CH AND CM ARE TECHNICALLY CONDUCTANCES SINCE THEY C HAVE BEEN MULTIPLIED BY THE WIND SPEED. C C 4. OUTPUT (denoted by "O" in column six of argument list at top of routine) C C NOTE-- SIGN CONVENTION OF SFC ENERGY FLUXES BELOW IS: NEGATIVE IF C SINK OF ENERGY TO SURFACE C C ETP: POTENTIAL EVAPORATION (W M-2) C ETA: ACTUAL LATENT HEAT FLUX (W M-2: NEGATIVE, IF UP FROM SURFACE) C H: SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX (W M-2: NEGATIVE, IF UPWARD FROM SURFACE) C S: SOIL HEAT FLUX (W M-2: NEGATIVE, IF DOWNWARD FROM SURFACE) C RUNOFF1: SURFACE RUNOFF (M S-1), NOT INFILTRATING THE SURFACE C RUNOFF2: SUBSURFACE RUNOFF (M S-1), DRAINAGE OUT BOTTOM OF LAST SOIL LYR C Q1: EFFECTIVE MIXING RATIO AT GRND SFC (KG KG-1) C (NOTE: Q1 IS NUMERICAL EXPENDIENCY FOR EXPRESSING ETA C EQUIVALENTLY IN A BULK AERODYNAMIC FORM) C SNMAX: SNOW MELT (M) (WATER EQUIVALENT) C SOILW: AVAILABLE SOIL MOISTURE IN ROOT ZONE (UNITLESS FRACTION BETWEEN C SOIL SATURATION AND WILTING POINT) C SOILM: TOTAL SOIL COLUMN MOISTURE CONTENT (M) (FROZEN + UNFROZEN) C C FOR DIAGNOSTIC PURPOSES, RETURN SOME PRIMARY PARAMETERS NEXT C (SET IN ROUTINE REDPRM) C C SMCWLT: WILTING POINT (VOLUMETRIC) C SMCDRY: DRY SOIL MOISTURE THRESHOLD WHERE DIRECT EVAP FRM TOP LYR ENDS C SMCREF: SOIL MOISTURE THRESHOLD WHERE TRANSPIRATION BEGINS TO STRESS C SMCMAX: POROSITY, I.E. SATURATED VALUE OF SOIL MOISTURE INTEGER NSOLD PARAMETER (NSOLD = 20) C LOGICAL SNOWNG LOGICAL FRZGRA LOGICAL SATURATED C INTEGER K INTEGER KZ INTEGER ICE INTEGER NSOIL,VEGTYP,SOILTYP,NROOT INTEGER SLOPETYP C REAL ALBEDO REAL ALB REAL B REAL BETA REAL CFACTR C..................CH IS SFC EXCHANGE COEF FOR HEAT/MOIST C..................CM IS SFC MOMENTUM DRAG (NOT NEEDED IN SFLX) REAL CH REAL CM C REAL CMC REAL CMCMAX REAL CP REAL CSNOW REAL CSOIL REAL CZIL REAL DEW REAL DF1 REAL DKSAT REAL DT REAL DWSAT REAL DQSDT2 REAL DSOIL REAL DTOT REAL DRIP REAL EC REAL EDIR REAL ETT REAL EXPSNO REAL EXPSOI REAL EPSCA REAL ETA REAL ETP REAL EDIR1 REAL EC1 REAL ETT1 REAL F REAL F1 REAL FLX1 REAL FLX2 REAL FLX3 REAL FXEXP REAL FRZX REAL H REAL HS REAL KDT REAL LWDN REAL LVH2O REAL PC REAL PRCP REAL PTU REAL PRCP1 REAL PSISAT REAL Q1 REAL Q2 REAL Q2SAT REAL QUARTZ REAL R REAL RCH REAL REFKDT REAL RR REAL RTDIS (NSOLD) REAL RUNOFF1 REAL RUNOFF2 REAL RGL REAL RUNOF REAL RIB REAL RUNOFF3 REAL RSMAX REAL RC REAL RCMIN REAL RSNOW REAL SNDENS REAL SNCOND REAL S REAL SBETA REAL SFCPRS REAL SFCSPD REAL SFCTMP REAL SHDFAC REAL SH2O(NSOIL) REAL SLDPTH(NSOIL) REAL SMCDRY REAL SMCMAX REAL SMCREF REAL SMCWLT REAL SMC(NSOIL) REAL SNEQV REAL SNOWH REAL SNOFAC REAL SN_NEW REAL SLOPE REAL SNUP REAL SALP REAL SNOALB REAL STC(NSOIL) REAL SOLDN REAL SNMAX REAL SOILM REAL SOILW REAL SOILWM REAL SOILWW REAL T1 REAL T1V REAL T24 REAL T2V REAL TBOT REAL TH2 REAL TH2V REAL TOPT REAL TFREEZ REAL XLAI REAL Z REAL ZBOT REAL Z0 REAL ZSOIL(NSOLD) C PARAMETER ( TFREEZ = 273.15 ) PARAMETER ( LVH2O = 2.501000E+6 ) PARAMETER ( R = 287.04 ) PARAMETER ( CP = 1004.5 ) C C COMMON BLK "RITE" CARRIES DIAGNOSTIC QUANTITIES FOR PRINTOUT, C BUT IS NOT INVOLVED IN MODEL PHYSICS AND IS NOT PRESENT IN C PARENT MODEL THAT CALLS SFLX C COMMON/RITE/ BETA,DRIP,EC,EDIR,ETT,FLX1,FLX2,FLX3,RUNOF, & DEW,RIB,RUNOFF3 C INITIALIZATION C write(6,*) 'inside SFLX: ' RUNOFF1 = 0.0 RUNOFF2 = 0.0 RUNOFF3 = 0.0 SNMAX = 0.0 C C THE VARIABLE "ICE" IS A FLAG DENOTING SEA-ICE CASE IF(ICE .EQ. 1) THEN C SEA-ICE LAYERS ARE EQUAL THICKNESS AND SUM TO 3 METERS DO KZ = 1, NSOIL ZSOIL(KZ)=-3.*FLOAT(KZ)/FLOAT(NSOIL) END DO ELSE C CALCULATE DEPTH (NEGATIVE) BELOW GROUND FROM TOP SKIN SFC TO C BOTTOM OF EACH SOIL LAYER. C NOTE:!!! SIGN OF ZSOIL IS NEGATIVE (DENOTING BELOW GROUND) ZSOIL(1)=-SLDPTH(1) DO KZ = 2, NSOIL ZSOIL(KZ)=-SLDPTH(KZ)+ZSOIL(KZ-1) END DO ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CC CC NEXT IS CRUCIAL CALL TO SET THE LAND-SURFACE PARAMETERS, CC INCLUDING SOIL-TYPE AND VEG-TYPE DEPENDENT PARAMETERS. CC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC C write(6,*) 'call REDPRM' CALL REDPRM(VEGTYP,SOILTYP, SLOPETYP, + CFACTR, CMCMAX, RSMAX, TOPT, REFKDT, KDT, SBETA, O SHDFAC, RCMIN, RGL, HS, ZBOT, FRZX, PSISAT, SLOPE, + SNUP, SALP, B, DKSAT, DWSAT, SMCMAX, SMCWLT, SMCREF, O SMCDRY, F1, QUARTZ, FXEXP, RTDIS, SLDPTH, ZSOIL, + NROOT, NSOIL, Z0, CZIL, XLAI, CSOIL, PTU) C C write(6,*) 'return REDPRM' CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC CC NEXT CALL ROUTINE SFCDIF TO CALCULATE CC THE SFC EXCHANGE COEF (CH) FOR HEAT AND MOISTURE CC CC NOTE NOTE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! CC CC COMMENT OUT CALL SFCDIF, IF SFCDIF ALREADY CALLED CC IN CALLING PROGRAM (SUCH AS IN COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC MODEL) CC CC NOTE !! DO NOT CALL SFCDIF UNTIL AFTER ABOVE CALL TO REDPRM, CC IN CASE ALTERNATIVE VALUES OF ROUGHNESS LENGTH (Z0) AND CC ZILINTINKEVICH COEF (CZIL) ARE SET THERE VIA NAMELIST I/O CC CC NOTE !! ROUTINE SFCDIF RETURNS A CH THAT REPRESENTS THE WIND SPD CC TIMES THE "ORIGINAL" NONDIMENSIONAL "Ch" TYPICAL IN LITERATURE. CC HENCE THE CH RETURNED FROM SFCDIF HAS UNITS OF M/S. CC THE IMPORTANT COMPANION COEFFICIENT OF CH, CARRIED HERE AS "RCH", CC IS THE CH FROM SFCDIF TIMES AIR DENSITY AND PARAMETER "CP". CC "RCH" IS COMPUTED IN "CALL PENMAN". RCH RATHER THAN CH IS THE C COEFF USUALLY INVOKED LATER IN EQNS. CC CC NOTE !! SFCDIF ALSO RETURNS THE SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENT FOR C MOMENTUM, CM, ALSO KNOWN AS THE SURFACE DRAGE COEFFICIENT, C BUT CM IS NOT USED HERE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC VIRTUAL TEMPS AND VIRTUAL POTENTIAL TEMPS NEEDED BY C SUBROUTINES SFCDIF AND PENMAN CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC T2V = SFCTMP * (1.0 + 0.61 * Q2 ) c comment out below 2 lines if CALL SFCDIF is commented out, i.e. in c the coupled model c T1V = T1 * (1.0 + 0.61 * Q2 ) c TH2V = TH2 * (1.0 + 0.61 * Q2 ) C C CALL SFCDIF ( Z, Z0, T1V, TH2V, SFCSPD, CZIL, CM, CH ) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C INITIALIZE MISC VARIABLES. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC SNOWNG = .FALSE. FRZGRA = .FALSE. C IF SEA-ICE CASE, ASSIGN DEFAULT WATER-EQUIV SNOW ON TOP IF(ICE .EQ. 1) THEN SNEQV = 0.01 SNOWH = 0.05 ENDIF C C IF INPUT SNOWPACK IS NONZERO, THEN COMPUTE SNOW DENSITY "SNDENS" C AND SNOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY "SNCOND" C (NOTE THAT CSNOW IS A FUNCTION SUBROUTINE) C IF(SNEQV .EQ. 0.0) THEN SNDENS = 0.0 SNOWH = 0.0 SNCOND = 1.0 ELSE SNDENS=SNEQV/SNOWH SNCOND = CSNOW (SNDENS) ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C DETERMINE IF ITS PRECIPITATING AND WHAT KIND OF PRECIP IT IS. C IF IT'S PRCPING AND THE AIR TEMP IS COLDER THAN 0 C, IT'S SNOWING! C IF ITS PRCPING AND THE AIR TEMP IS WARMER THAN 0 C, BUT THE GRND C TEMP IS COLDER THAN 0 C, FREEZING RAIN IS PRESUMED TO BE FALLING. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF ( PRCP .GT. 0.0 ) THEN IF ( SFCTMP .LE. TFREEZ ) THEN SNOWNG = .TRUE. ELSE IF ( T1 .LE. TFREEZ ) FRZGRA = .TRUE. ENDIF ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C If either prcp flag is set, determine new snowfall (converting prcp C rate from kg m-2 s-1 to a liquid equiv snow depth in meters) and add C it to the existing snowpack. C Note that since all precip is added to snowpack, no precip infiltrates C into the soil so that PRCP1 is set to zero. IF ( ( SNOWNG ) .OR. ( FRZGRA ) ) THEN SN_NEW = PRCP * DT * 0.001 SNEQV = SNEQV + SN_NEW PRCP1 = 0.0 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Update snow density based on new snowfall, using old and new snow. CALL SNOW_NEW (SFCTMP,SN_NEW,SNOWH,SNDENS) C --- debug ------------------------------------------------------------ c SNDENS = 0.2 c SNOWH = SNEQV/SNDENS C --- debug ------------------------------------------------------------ C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Update snow thermal conductivity SNCOND = CSNOW (SNDENS) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ELSE C C PRECIP IS LIQUID (RAIN), HENCE SAVE IN THE PRECIP VARIABLE THAT C LATER CAN WHOLELY OR PARTIALLY INFILTRATE THE SOIL (ALONG WITH C ANY CANOPY "DRIP" ADDED TO THIS LATER) C PRCP1 = PRCP ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Thermal conductivity for sea-ice case IF (ICE .EQ. 1) THEN DF1=2.2 ELSE C C NEXT CALCULATE THE SUBSURFACE HEAT FLUX, WHICH FIRST REQUIRES C CALCULATION OF THE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY. TREATMENT OF THE C LATTER FOLLOWS THAT ON PAGES 148-149 FROM HEAT TRANSFER IN C COLD CLIMATES, BY V. J. LUNARDINI (PUBLISHED IN 1981 C BY VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD CO.) I.E. TREATMENT OF TWO CONTIGUOUS C "PLANE PARALLEL" MEDIUMS (NAMELY HERE THE FIRST SOIL LAYER C AND THE SNOWPACK LAYER, IF ANY). THIS DIFFUSIVITY TREATMENT C BEHAVES WELL FOR BOTH ZERO AND NONZERO SNOWPACK, INCLUDING THE C LIMIT OF VERY THIN SNOWPACK. THIS TREATMENT ALSO ELIMINATES C THE NEED TO IMPOSE AN ARBITRARY UPPER BOUND ON SUBSURFACE C HEAT FLUX WHEN THE SNOWPACK BECOMES EXTREMELY THIN. C C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C FIRST CALCULATE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY OF TOP SOIL LAYER, USING C BOTH THE FROZEN AND LIQUID SOIL MOISTURE, FOLLOWING THE C SOIL THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY FUNCTION OF PETERS-LIDARD ET AL. C (1998,JAS, VOL 55, 1209-1224), WHICH REQUIRES THE SPECIFYING C THE QUARTZ CONTENT OF THE GIVEN SOIL CLASS (SEE ROUTINE REDPRM) C CALL TDFCND ( DF1, SMC(1),QUARTZ,SMCMAX,SH2O(1) ) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C NEXT ADD SUBSURFACE HEAT FLUX REDUCTION EFFECT FROM THE C OVERLYING GREEN CANOPY, ADAPTED FROM SECTION 2.1.2 OF C PETERS-LIDARD ET AL. (1997, JGR, VOL 102(D4)) C DF1 = DF1 * EXP(SBETA*SHDFAC) ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C FINALLY "PLANE PARALLEL" SNOWPACK EFFECT FOLLOWING C V.J. LINARDINI REFERENCE CITED ABOVE. NOTE THAT DTOT IS C COMBINED DEPTH OF SNOWDEPTH AND THICKNESS OF FIRST SOIL LAYER C DSOIL = -(0.5 * ZSOIL(1)) IF (SNEQV .EQ. 0.) THEN S = DF1 * (T1 - STC(1) ) / DSOIL ELSE DTOT = SNOWH + DSOIL EXPSNO = SNOWH/DTOT EXPSOI = DSOIL/DTOT c 1. harmonic mean (series flow) c DF1 = (SNCOND*DF1)/(EXPSOI*SNCOND+EXPSNO*DF1) c 2. arithmetic mean (parallel flow) c DF1 = EXPSNO*SNCOND + EXPSOI*DF1 c 3. geometric mean (intermediate between c harmonic and arithmetic mean) DF1 = (SNCOND**EXPSNO)*(DF1**EXPSOI) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CALCULATE SUBSURFACE HEAT FLUX, S, FROM FINAL THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY C OF SURFACE MEDIUMS, DF1 ABOVE, AND SKIN TEMPERATURE AND TOP C MID-LAYER SOIL TEMPERATURE S = DF1 * (T1 - STC(1) ) / DTOT ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Update albedo, except over sea-ice IF (ICE .EQ. 0) THEN C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C NEXT IS TIME-DEPENDENT SURFACE ALBEDO MODIFICATION DUE TO C TIME-DEPENDENT SNOWDEPTH STATE AND TIME-DEPENDENT CANOPY GREENNESS c IF ( (SNEQV .EQ. 0.0) .OR. (ALB .GE. SNOALB) ) THEN IF (SNEQV .EQ. 0.0) THEN ALBEDO = ALB ELSE C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C SNUP IS VEG-CLASS DEPENDENT SNOWDEPTH THRESHHOLD (SET IN ROUTINE C REDPRM)WHERE MAX SNOW ALBEDO EFFECT IS FIRST ATTAINED IF (SNEQV .LT. SNUP) THEN RSNOW = SNEQV/SNUP SNOFAC = 1. - ( EXP(-SALP*RSNOW) - RSNOW*EXP(-SALP)) ELSE SNOFAC = 1.0 ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C SNOALB IS ARGUMENT REPRESENTING MAXIMUM ALBEDO OVER DEEP SNOW, C AS PASSED INTO SFLX, AND ADAPTED FROM THE SATELLITE-BASED MAXIMUM C SNOW ALBEDO FIELDS PROVIDED BY D. ROBINSON AND G. KUKLA C (1985, JCAM, VOL 24, 402-411) ALBEDO = ALB + (1.0-SHDFAC)*SNOFAC*(SNOALB-ALB) IF (ALBEDO .GT. SNOALB) ALBEDO=SNOALB ENDIF ELSE C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C albedo over sea-ice ALBEDO = 0.60 SNOFAC = 1.0 ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CALCULATE TOTAL DOWNWARD RADIATION (SOLAR PLUS LONGWAVE) C NEEDED IN PENMAN EP SUBROUTINE THAT FOLLOWS F = SOLDN*(1.0-ALBEDO) + LWDN C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALL PENMAN SUBROUTINE TO CALCULATE POTENTIAL EVAPORATION (ETP) C (AND OTHER PARTIAL PRODUCTS AND SUMS SAVE IN COMMON/RITE FOR C LATER CALCULATIONS) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CALL PENMAN ( SFCTMP,SFCPRS,CH,T2V,TH2,PRCP,F,T24,S,Q2, & Q2SAT,ETP,RCH,EPSCA,RR,SNOWNG,FRZGRA,DQSDT2) C C following old constraint is disabled C.....IF(SATURATED) ETP = 0.0 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALL CANRES TO CALCULATE THE CANOPY RESISTANCE AND CONVERT IT C INTO PC IF MORE THAN TRACE AMOUNT OF CANOPY GREENNESS FRACTION CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC c IF(SHDFAC .GT. 1.E-6) THEN c make this threshold consistent with the one in SMFLX for TRANSP c and EC(anopy) IF(SHDFAC .GT. 0.) THEN C FROZEN GROUND EXTENSION: TOTAL SOIL WATER "SMC" WAS REPLACED C BY UNFROZEN SOIL WATER "SH2O" IN CALL TO CANRES BELOW C CALL CANRES(SOLDN,CH,SFCTMP,Q2,SFCPRS,SH2O,ZSOIL,NSOIL, & SMCWLT,SMCREF,RCMIN,RC,PC,NROOT,Q2SAT,DQSDT2, & TOPT,RSMAX,RGL,HS,XLAI) ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C NOW DECIDE MAJOR PATHWAY BRANCH TO TAKE DEPENDING ON WHETHER C SNOWPACK EXISTS OR NOT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF ( SNEQV .EQ. 0.0 ) THEN CALL NOPAC ( ETP, ETA, PRCP, SMC, SMCMAX, SMCWLT, & SMCREF,SMCDRY, CMC, CMCMAX, NSOIL, DT, SHDFAC, & SBETA,Q1,Q2,T1,SFCTMP,T24,TH2,F,F1,S,STC, & EPSCA, B, PC, RCH, RR, CFACTR, + SH2O, SLOPE, KDT, FRZX, PSISAT, ZSOIL, & DKSAT, DWSAT, TBOT, ZBOT, RUNOFF1,RUNOFF2, & RUNOFF3, EDIR1, EC1, ETT1,NROOT,ICE,RTDIS, & QUARTZ, FXEXP,CSOIL) ELSE CALL SNOPAC ( ETP,ETA,PRCP,PRCP1,SNOWNG,SMC,SMCMAX,SMCWLT, & SMCREF, SMCDRY, CMC, CMCMAX, NSOIL, DT, & SBETA,Q1,DF1, & Q2,T1,SFCTMP,T24,TH2,F,F1,S,STC,EPSCA,SFCPRS, c & B, PC, RCH, RR, CFACTR, SALP, SNEQV, & B, PC, RCH, RR, CFACTR, SNOFAC, SNEQV,SNDENS, + SNOWH, SH2O, SLOPE, KDT, FRZX, PSISAT, SNUP, & ZSOIL, DWSAT, DKSAT, TBOT, ZBOT, SHDFAC,RUNOFF1, & RUNOFF2,RUNOFF3,EDIR1,EC1,ETT1,NROOT,SNMAX,ICE, & RTDIS,QUARTZ, FXEXP,CSOIL) ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C PREPARE SENSIBLE HEAT (H) FOR RETURN TO PARENT MODEL CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC H = -(CH * CP * SFCPRS)/(R * T2V) * ( TH2 - T1 ) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CONVERT UNITS AND/OR SIGN OF TOTAL EVAP (ETA), POTENTIAL EVAP (ETP), C SUBSURFACE HEAT FLUX (S), AND RUNOFFS FOR WHAT PARENT MODEL EXPECTS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C CONVERT ETA FROM KG M-2 S-1 TO W M-2 C ETA = ETA*LVH2O ETP = ETP*LVH2O C CONVERT THE SIGN OF SOIL HEAT FLUX SO THAT: C S>0: WARM THE SURFACE (NIGHT TIME) C S<0: COOL THE SURFACE (DAY TIME) S=-1.0*S C C CONVERT RUNOFF3 (INTERNAL LAYER RUNOFF FROM SUPERSAT) FROM M TO M S-1 C AND ADD TO SUBSURFACE RUNOFF/DRAINAGE/BASEFLOW C RUNOFF3 = RUNOFF3/DT RUNOFF2 = RUNOFF2+RUNOFF3 C C TOTAL COLUMN SOIL MOISTURE IN METERS (SOILM) AND ROOT-ZONE C SOIL MOISTURE AVAILABILITY (FRACTION) RELATIVE TO POROSITY/SATURATION SOILM=-1.0*SMC(1)*ZSOIL(1) DO K = 2, NSOIL SOILM=SOILM+SMC(K)*(ZSOIL(K-1)-ZSOIL(K)) END DO SOILWM=-1.0*(SMCMAX-SMCWLT)*ZSOIL(1) SOILWW=-1.0*(SMC(1)-SMCWLT)*ZSOIL(1) DO K = 2, NROOT SOILWM=SOILWM+(SMCMAX-SMCWLT)*(ZSOIL(K-1)-ZSOIL(K)) SOILWW=SOILWW+(SMC(K)-SMCWLT)*(ZSOIL(K-1)-ZSOIL(K)) END DO SOILW=SOILWW/SOILWM C RETURN END SUBROUTINE CANRES(SOLAR,CH,SFCTMP,Q2,SFCPRS,SMC,ZSOIL,NSOIL, & SMCWLT,SMCREF,RCMIN,RC,PC,NROOT,Q2SAT,DQSDT2, & TOPT,RSMAX,RGL,HS,XLAI) IMPLICIT NONE C ###################################################################### C SUBROUTINE CANRES C ----------------- C THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES THE CANOPY RESISTANCE WHICH DEPENDS ON C INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION, AIR TEMPERATURE, ATMOSPHERIC WATER C VAPOR PRESSURE DEFICIT AT THE LOWEST MODEL LEVEL, AND SOIL C MOISTURE (PREFERABLY UNFROZEN SOIL MOISTURE RATHER THAN TOTAL) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C SOURCE: JARVIS (1976), JACQUEMIN AND NOILHAN (1990 BLM) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C INPUT: SOLAR: INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION C CH: SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENT FOR HEAT AND MOISTURE C SFCTMP: AIR TEMPERATURE AT 1ST LEVEL ABOVE GROUND C Q2: AIR HUMIDITY AT 1ST LEVEL ABOVE GROUND C Q2SAT: SATURATION AIR HUMIDITY AT 1ST LEVEL ABOVE GROUND C DQSDT2: SLOPE OF SATURATION HUMIDITY FUNCTION WRT TEMP C SFCPRS: SURFACE PRESSURE C SMC: VOLUMETRIC SOIL MOISTURE C ZSOIL: SOIL DEPTH (NEGATIVE SIGN, AS IT IS BELOW GROUND) C NSOIL: NO. OF SOIL LAYERS C NROOT: NO. OF SOIL LAYERS IN ROOT ZONE (1.LE.NROOT.LE.NSOIL) C XLAI: LEAF AREA INDEX C SMCWLT: WILTING POINT C SMCREF: REFERENCE SOIL MOISTURE C (WHERE SOIL WATER DEFICIT STRESS SETS IN) C C RCMIN, RSMAX, TOPT, RGL, HS: CANOPY STRESS PARAMETERS SET IN SUBR REDPRM C C (SEE EQNS 12-14 AND TABLE 2 OF SEC. 3.1.2 OF C CHEN ET AL., 1996, JGR, VOL 101(D3), 7251-7268) C C OUTPUT: PC: PLANT COEFFICIENT C RC: CANOPY RESISTANCE C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C ###################################################################### INTEGER NSOLD PARAMETER (NSOLD = 20) INTEGER K INTEGER NROOT INTEGER NSOIL REAL SIGMA, RD, CP, SLV REAL SOLAR, CH, SFCTMP, Q2, SFCPRS REAL SMC(NSOIL), ZSOIL(NSOIL), PART(NSOLD) REAL SMCWLT, SMCREF, RCMIN, RC, PC, Q2SAT, DQSDT2 REAL TOPT, RSMAX, RGL, HS, XLAI, RCS, RCT, RCQ, RCSOIL, FF REAL P, QS, GX, TAIR4, ST1, SLVCP, RR, DELTA PARAMETER (SIGMA=5.67E-8, RD=287.04, CP=1004.5, SLV=2.501000E6) RCS = 0.0 RCT = 0.0 RCQ = 0.0 RCSOIL = 0.0 RC = 0.0 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CONTRIBUTION DUE TO INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CC/98/01/05/..disgard old version assuming fixed LAI=1 CC...........FF = 0.55*2.0*SOLAR/RGL FF = 0.55*2.0*SOLAR/(RGL*XLAI) RCS = (FF + RCMIN/RSMAX) / (1.0 + FF) RCS = MAX(RCS,0.0001) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CONTRIBUTION DUE TO AIR TEMPERATURE AT FIRST MODEL LEVEL ABOVE GROUND C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RCT = 1.0 - 0.0016*((TOPT-SFCTMP)**2.0) RCT = MAX(RCT,0.0001) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CONTRIBUTION DUE TO VAPOR PRESSURE DEFICIT AT FIRST MODEL LEVEL. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- c P = SFCPRS QS = Q2SAT C RCQ EXPRESSION FROM SSIB RCQ = 1.0/(1.0+HS*(QS-Q2)) RCQ = MAX(RCQ,0.01) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CONTRIBUTION DUE TO SOIL MOISTURE AVAILABILITY. C DETERMINE CONTRIBUTION FROM EACH SOIL LAYER, THEN ADD THEM UP. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- GX = (SMC(1) - SMCWLT) / (SMCREF - SMCWLT) IF (GX .GT. 1.) GX = 1. IF (GX .LT. 0.) GX = 0. C#### USING SOIL DEPTH AS WEIGHTING FACTOR PART(1) = (ZSOIL(1)/ZSOIL(NROOT)) * GX C#### USING ROOT DISTRIBUTION AS WEIGHTING FACTOR CC PART(1) = RTDIS(1) * GX DO K = 2, NROOT GX = (SMC(K) - SMCWLT) / (SMCREF - SMCWLT) IF (GX .GT. 1.) GX = 1. IF (GX .LT. 0.) GX = 0. C#### USING SOIL DEPTH AS WEIGHTING FACTOR PART(K) = ((ZSOIL(K)-ZSOIL(K-1))/ZSOIL(NROOT)) * GX C#### USING ROOT DISTRIBUTION AS WEIGHTING FACTOR CC PART(K) = RTDIS(K) * GX END DO DO K = 1, NROOT RCSOIL = RCSOIL+PART(K) END DO RCSOIL = MAX(RCSOIL,0.0001) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C DETERMINE CANOPY RESISTANCE DUE TO ALL FACTORS. C CONVERT CANOPY RESISTANCE (RC) TO PLANT COEFFICIENT (PC). C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CC/98/01/05/........RC = RCMIN/(RCS*RCT*RCQ*RCSOIL) RC = RCMIN/(XLAI*RCS*RCT*RCQ*RCSOIL) TAIR4 = SFCTMP**4. ST1 = (4.*SIGMA*RD)/CP SLVCP = SLV/CP RR = ST1*TAIR4/(SFCPRS*CH) + 1.0 DELTA = SLVCP*DQSDT2 PC = (RR+DELTA)/(RR*(1.+RC*CH)+DELTA) RETURN END FUNCTION CSNOW ( DSNOW ) IMPLICIT NONE REAL C REAL DSNOW REAL CSNOW REAL UNIT PARAMETER ( UNIT=0.11631 ) C #### SIMULATION OF TERMAL SNOW CONDUCTIVITY C #### SIMULATION UNITS OF CSNOW IS CAL/(CM*HR* C) C #### AND IT WILL BE RETURND IN W/(M* C) C #### BASIC VERSION IS DYACHKOVA EQUATION C ##### DYACHKOVA EQUATION (1960), FOR RANGE 0.1-0.4 C=0.328*10**(2.25*DSNOW) CSNOW=UNIT*C C ##### DE VAUX EQUATION (1933), IN RANGE 0.1-0.6 C CSNOW=0.0293*(1.+100.*DSNOW**2) C ##### E. ANDERSEN FROM FLERCHINGER C CSNOW=0.021+2.51*DSNOW**2 RETURN END FUNCTION DEVAP ( ETP1, SMC, ZSOIL, SHDFAC, SMCMAX, B, & DKSAT, DWSAT, SMCDRY, SMCREF, SMCWLT, FXEXP) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC NAME: DIRECT EVAPORATION (DEVAP) FUNCTION VERSION: N/A CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REAL B REAL DEVAP REAL DKSAT REAL DWSAT REAL ETP1 REAL FX REAL FXEXP REAL SHDFAC REAL SMC REAL SMCDRY REAL SMCMAX REAL ZSOIL REAL SMCREF REAL SMCWLT Cmp FX = ( (SMC - SMCDRY) / (SMCMAX - SMCDRY) )**FXEXP FX = (ABS((SMC - SMCDRY) / (SMCMAX - SMCDRY)))**FXEXP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C FX > 1 REPRESENTS DEMAND CONTROL C FX < 1 REPRESENTS FLUX CONTROL CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FX = MAX ( MIN ( FX, 1. ) ,0. ) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C ALLOW FOR THE DIRECT-EVAP-REDUCING EFFECT OF SHADE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DEVAP = FX * ( 1.0 - SHDFAC ) * ETP1 RETURN END FUNCTION FRH2O(TKELV,SMC,SH2O,SMCMAX,B,PSIS) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: CALCULATE AMOUNT OF SUPERCOOLED LIQUID SOIL WATER CONTENT CC IF TEMPERATURE IS BELOW 273.15K (T0). REQUIRES NEWTON-TYPE ITERATION CC TO SOLVE THE NONLINEAR IMPLICIT EQUATION GIVEN IN EQN 17 OF CC KOREN ET AL. (1999, JGR, VOL 104(D16), 19569-19585). CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C New version (FEB 2001): much faster and more accurate newton iteration c achieved by first taking log of eqn cited above -- less than 4 c (typically 1 or 2) iterations achieves convergence. Also, explicit c 1-step solution option for special case of parameter Ck=0, which reduces c the original implicit equation to a simpler explicit form, known as the c "Flerchinger Eqn". Improved handling of solution in the limit of c freezing point temperature T0. C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C INPUT: C C TKELV.........Temperature (Kelvin) C SMC...........Total soil moisture content (volumetric) C SH2O..........Liquid soil moisture content (volumetric) C SMCMAX........Saturation soil moisture content (from REDPRM) C B.............Soil type "B" parameter (from REDPRM) C PSIS..........Saturated soil matric potential (from REDPRM) C C OUTPUT: C FRH2O.........supercooled liquid water content. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REAL B REAL BLIM REAL BX REAL CK REAL DENOM REAL DF REAL DH2O REAL DICE REAL DSWL REAL ERROR REAL FK REAL FRH2O REAL GS REAL HLICE REAL PSIS REAL SH2O REAL SMC REAL SMCMAX REAL SWL REAL SWLK REAL TKELV REAL T0 INTEGER NLOG INTEGER KCOUNT PARAMETER (CK=8.0) C PARAMETER (CK=0.0) PARAMETER (BLIM=5.5) C PARAMETER (BLIM=7.0) PARAMETER (ERROR=0.005) PARAMETER (HLICE=3.335E5) PARAMETER (GS = 9.81) PARAMETER (DICE=920.0) PARAMETER (DH2O=1000.0) PARAMETER (T0=273.15) C ### LIMITS ON PARAMETER B: B < 5.5 (use parameter BLIM) #### C ### SIMULATIONS SHOWED IF B > 5.5 UNFROZEN WATER CONTENT #### C ### IS NON-REALISTICALLY HIGH AT VERY LOW TEMPERATURES #### C################################################################## C BX = B IF ( B .GT. BLIM ) BX = BLIM C------------------------------------------------------------------ C INITIALIZING ITERATIONS COUNTER AND ITERATIVE SOLUTION FLAG. NLOG=0 KCOUNT=0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C IF TEMPERATURE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY BELOW FREEZING (T0), SH2O = SMC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF (TKELV .GT. (T0 - 1.E-3)) THEN FRH2O=SMC ELSE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF (CK .NE. 0.0) THEN CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCC OPTION 1: ITERATED SOLUTION FOR NONZERO CK CCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCC IN KOREN ET AL, JGR, 1999, EQN 17 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C INITIAL GUESS FOR SWL (frozen content) SWL = SMC-SH2O C KEEP WITHIN BOUNDS. IF(SWL .GT. (SMC-0.02)) THEN CMBEK SWL=SMC-0.02 SWL=MAX(0.,SMC-0.02) ENDIF CMBEK IF(SWL .LT. 0.) THEN CMBEK SWL=0. CMBEK ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C START OF ITERATIONS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO WHILE (NLOG .LT. 10 .AND. KCOUNT .EQ. 0) NLOG = NLOG+1 DF = ALOG(( PSIS*GS/HLICE ) * ( ( 1.+CK*SWL )**2. ) * & ( SMCMAX/(SMC-SWL) )**BX) - ALOG(-(TKELV-T0)/TKELV) DENOM = 2. * CK / ( 1.+CK*SWL ) + BX / ( SMC - SWL ) SWLK = SWL - DF/DENOM DSWL=ABS(SWLK-SWL) SWL=SWLK C KEEP WITHIN BOUNDS. IF(SWL .GT. (SMC-0.02)) THEN CMBEK SWL=SMC-0.02 SWL=MAX(0.,SMC-0.02) ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC IF MORE THAN 10 ITERATIONS, USE EXPLICIT METHOD (CK=0 APPROX.) CC WHEN DSWL LESS OR EQ. ERROR, NO MORE ITERATIONS REQUIRED. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF ( DSWL .LE. ERROR ) THEN KCOUNT=KCOUNT+1 END IF END DO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C END OF ITERATIONS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C LOWER BOUND FOR SWL (ICE CONTENT) CMBEK IF(SWL .LT. 0.) THEN CMBEK SWL=0. CMBEK ENDIF C UPPER BOUND FOR SWL ALREADY APPLIED WITHIN DO-BLOCK FRH2O = SMC - SWL C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC END OPTION 1 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ENDIF IF (KCOUNT .EQ. 0) THEN Print*,'Flerchinger used. Iterations=',NLOG CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCC OPTION 2: EXPLICIT SOLUTION FOR FLERCHINGER EQ. i.e. CK=0 CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCC IN KOREN ET AL., JGR, 1999, EQN 17 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C FK=(((HLICE/(GS*(-PSIS)))*((TKELV-T0)/TKELV))**(-1/BX))*SMCMAX IF (FK .LT. 0.02) FK = 0.02 FRH2O = MIN ( FK, SMC ) C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC END OPTION 2 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ENDIF ENDIF RETURN END SUBROUTINE HRT ( RHSTS,STC,SMC,SMCMAX,NSOIL,ZSOIL,YY,ZZ1, + TBOT, ZBOT, PSISAT, SH2O, DT, B, + F1, DF1, QUARTZ, CSOIL) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE TIME TENDENCY CC ======= TERM OF THE SOIL THERMAL DIFFUSION EQUATION. ALSO TO CC COMPUTE ( PREPARE ) THE MATRIX COEFFICIENTS FOR THE CC TRI-DIAGONAL MATRIX OF THE IMPLICIT TIME SCHEME. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER NSOLD PARAMETER ( NSOLD = 20 ) INTEGER I INTEGER K INTEGER NSOIL C DECLARE WORK ARRAYS NEEDED IN TRI-DIAGONAL IMPLICIT SOLVER REAL AI ( NSOLD ) REAL BI ( NSOLD ) REAL CI ( NSOLD ) C DECLARE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES REAL CAIR REAL CH2O REAL CICE REAL CSOIL REAL DDZ REAL DDZ2 REAL DENOM REAL DF1 REAL DF1N REAL DF1K REAL DTSDZ REAL DTSDZ2 REAL F1 REAL HCPCT REAL QUARTZ REAL QTOT REAL RHSTS ( NSOIL ) REAL S REAL SMC ( NSOIL ) REAL SH2O ( NSOIL ) REAL SMCMAX REAL STC ( NSOIL ) REAL TBOT REAL ZBOT REAL YY REAL ZSOIL ( NSOIL ) REAL ZZ1 REAL T0, TSURF, PSISAT, DT, B, SICE, TBK, TSNSR, TBK1 REAL SNKSRC C COMMON /ABCI/ AI, BI, CI C PARAMETER ( T0 = 273.15 ) C SET SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES OF AIR, WATER, ICE, SOIL MINERAL PARAMETER ( CAIR =1004.0 ) PARAMETER ( CH2O = 4.2E6 ) PARAMETER ( CICE = 2.106E6 ) C.....PARAMETER ( CSOIL=1.26E6 ) C..... C NOTE: CSOIL NOW SET IN ROUTINE REDPRM AND PASSED IN C+++++++++++++ BEGIN SECTION FOR TOP SOIL LAYER +++++++++++++++++++++ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE HEAT CAPACITY OF THE TOP SOIL LAYER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HCPCT = SH2O(1)*CH2O + (1.0-SMCMAX)*CSOIL + (SMCMAX-SMC(1))*CAIR + + ( SMC(1) - SH2O(1) )*CICE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE MATRIX COEFFICIENTS AI, BI, AND CI FOR THE TOP LAYER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDZ = 1.0 / ( -0.5 * ZSOIL(2) ) AI(1) = 0.0 CI(1) = ( DF1 * DDZ ) / ( ZSOIL(1) * HCPCT ) BI(1) = -CI(1) + DF1 / ( 0.5 * ZSOIL(1) * ZSOIL(1)*HCPCT*ZZ1) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE VERTICAL SOIL TEMP GRADIENT BTWN THE 1ST AND 2ND SOIL C LAYERS. THEN CALCULATE THE SUBSURFACE HEAT FLUX. USE THE TEMP C GRADIENT AND SUBSFC HEAT FLUX TO CALC "RIGHT-HAND SIDE TENDENCY C TERMS", OR "RHSTS", FOR TOP SOIL LAYER. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C DTSDZ = ( STC(1) - STC(2) ) / ( -0.5 * ZSOIL(2) ) S = DF1 * ( STC(1) - YY ) / ( 0.5 * ZSOIL(1) * ZZ1 ) RHSTS(1) = ( DF1 * DTSDZ - S ) / ( ZSOIL(1) * HCPCT ) C NEXT, SET TEMP "TSURF" AT TOP OF SOIL COLUMN (FOR USE IN FREEZING C SOIL PHYSICS LATER IN FUNCTION SUBROUTINE SNKSRC). IF SNOWPACK C CONTENT IS ZERO, THEN EXPRESSION BELOW GIVES TSURF = SKIN TEMP. C IF SNOWPACK IS NONZERO (HENCE ARGUMENT ZZ1=1), THEN EXPRESSION C BELOW YIELDS SOIL COLUMN TOP TEMPERATURE UNDER SNOWPACK. C TSURF = ( YY + ( ZZ1 - 1 ) * STC(1) ) / ZZ1 C C NEXT CAPTURE THE VERTICAL DIFFERENCE OF THE HEAT FLUX AT TOP C AND BOTTOM OF FIRST SOIL LAYER FOR USE IN HEAT FLUX CONSTRAINT C APPLIED TO POTENTIAL SOIL FREEZING/THAWING IN ROUTINE SNKSRC C QTOT = S - DF1*DTSDZ C C CALCULATE TEMPERATURE AT BOTTOM INTERFACE OF 1ST SOIL LAYER C FOR USE LATER IN FCN SUBROUTINE SNKSRC C CALL TBND ( STC(1), STC(2), ZSOIL, ZBOT, 1, NSOIL,TBK) C C CALCULATE FROZEN WATER CONTENT IN 1ST SOIL LAYER. C SICE = SMC(1) - SH2O(1) C C IF FROZEN WATER PRESENT OR ANY OF LAYER-1 MID-POINT OR BOUNDING C INTERFACE TEMPERATURES BELOW FREEZING, THEN CALL SNKSRC TO C COMPUTE HEAT SOURCE/SINK (AND CHANGE IN FROZEN WATER CONTENT) C DUE TO POSSIBLE SOIL WATER PHASE CHANGE C IF ( (SICE .GT. 0.) .OR. (TSURF .LT. T0) .OR. & (STC(1) .LT. T0) .OR. (TBK .LT. T0) ) THEN TSNSR = SNKSRC ( TSURF, STC(1),TBK, SMC(1), SH2O(1), + ZSOIL, NSOIL, SMCMAX, PSISAT, B, DT, 1, QTOT ) RHSTS(1) = RHSTS(1) - TSNSR / ( ZSOIL(1) * HCPCT ) ENDIF C ++++++++++++++ THIS ENDS SECTION FOR TOP SOIL LAYER ++++++++++++++ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C INITIALIZE DDZ2 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDZ2 = 0.0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C LOOP THRU THE REMAINING SOIL LAYERS, REPEATING THE ABOVE PROCESS C(EXCEPT SUBSFC OR "GROUND" HEAT FLUX NOT REPEATED IN LOWER LAYERS) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DF1K = DF1 DO K = 2, NSOIL C CALC THIS SOIL LAYERS HEAT CAPACITY HCPCT = SH2O(K)*CH2O +(1.0-SMCMAX)*CSOIL +(SMCMAX-SMC(K))*CAIR + + ( SMC(K) - SH2O(K) )*CICE C IF ( K .NE. NSOIL ) THEN C+++++++ THIS SECTION FOR LAYER 2 OR GREATER, BUT NOT LAST LAYER +++++ C CALCULATE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY FOR THIS LAYER CALL TDFCND ( DF1N, SMC(K),QUARTZ,SMCMAX,SH2O(K)) C CALC THE VERTICAL SOIL TEMP GRADIENT THRU THIS LAYER DENOM = 0.5 * ( ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K+1) ) DTSDZ2 = ( STC(K) - STC(K+1) ) / DENOM C CALC THE MATRIX COEF, CI, AFTER CALCNG ITS PARTIAL PRODUCT DDZ2 = 2. / (ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K+1)) CI(K) = -DF1N * DDZ2 / ((ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K)) * HCPCT) C CALCULATE TEMP AT BOTTOM OF LAYER CALL TBND ( STC(K),STC(K+1),ZSOIL,ZBOT,K,NSOIL,TBK1 ) ELSE C+++++++++++++ SPECIAL CASE OF BOTTOM SOIL LAYER +++++++++++++++++++++ C CALCULATE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY FOR THIS LAYER CALL TDFCND ( DF1N, SMC(K),QUARTZ,SMCMAX,SH2O(K)) C CALC THE VERTICAL SOIL TEMP GRADIENT THRU THIS LAYER DENOM = .5 * (ZSOIL(K-1) + ZSOIL(K)) - ZBOT DTSDZ2 = (STC(K)-TBOT) / DENOM C....SET MATRIX COEF, CI TO ZERO IF BOTTOM LAYER CI(K) = 0. C CALCULATE TEMP AT BOTTOM OF LAST LAYER CALL TBND ( STC(K), TBOT, ZSOIL, ZBOT, K, NSOIL,TBK1 ) END IF C+++++++++++++ THIS ENDS SPECIAL CODE FOR BOTTOM LAYER +++++++++ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC RHSTS FOR THIS LAYER AFTER CALCNG A PARTIAL PRODUCT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DENOM = ( ZSOIL(K) - ZSOIL(K-1) ) * HCPCT RHSTS(K) = ( DF1N * DTSDZ2 - DF1K * DTSDZ ) / DENOM QTOT = -1.0*DENOM*RHSTS(K) SICE = SMC(K) - SH2O(K) IF ( (SICE .GT. 0.) .OR. (TBK .LT. T0) .OR. & (STC(K) .LT. T0) .OR. (TBK1 .LT. T0) ) THEN TSNSR = SNKSRC ( TBK, STC(K),TBK1, SMC(K), SH2O(K), + ZSOIL, NSOIL, SMCMAX, PSISAT, B, DT, K, QTOT) RHSTS(K) = RHSTS(K) - TSNSR / DENOM ENDIF C ------------------------------------------------------------------- CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC MATRIX COEFS, AI, AND BI FOR THIS LAYER. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC AI(K) = - DF1 * DDZ / ((ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K)) * HCPCT) BI(K) = -(AI(K) + CI(K)) C RESET VALUES OF DF1, DTSDZ, DDZ, AND TBK FOR LOOP TO NEXT SOIL LYR TBK = TBK1 DF1K = DF1N DTSDZ = DTSDZ2 DDZ = DDZ2 C END DO RETURN END SUBROUTINE HRTICE (RHSTS,STC,NSOIL,ZSOIL,YY,ZZ1,DF1) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE TIME TENDENCY CC ======= TERM OF THE SOIL THERMAL DIFFUSION EQUATION IN THE CASE CC OF SEA-ICE PACK. ALSO TO COMPUTE ( PREPARE ) THE CC MATRIX COEFFICIENTS FOR THE TRI-DIAGONAL MATRIX OF CC THE IMPLICIT TIME SCHEME. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER NSOLD PARAMETER ( NSOLD = 20 ) INTEGER K INTEGER NSOIL REAL AI ( NSOLD ) REAL BI ( NSOLD ) REAL CI ( NSOLD ) REAL DDZ REAL DDZ2 REAL DENOM REAL DF1 REAL DTSDZ REAL DTSDZ2 REAL HCPCT REAL RHSTS ( NSOIL ) REAL S REAL STC ( NSOIL ) REAL TBOT REAL YY REAL ZBOT REAL ZSOIL ( NSOIL ) REAL ZZ1 C COMMON /ABCI/ AI, BI, CI C THE INPUT ARGUMENT DF1 A UNIVERSALLY CONSTANT VALUE OF C SEA-ICE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY, SET IN ROUTINE SNOPAC AS C DF1 = 2.2 C SET LOWER BOUNDARY DEPTH AND BOUNDARY TEMPERATURE OF C UNFROZEN SEA WATER AT BOTTOM OF SEA ICE PACK. ASSUME C ICE PACK IS OF NSOIL LAYERS SPANNING A UNIFORM CONSTANT C ICE PACK THICKNESS AS DEFINED IN ROUTINE SFLX ZBOT = ZSOIL(NSOIL) TBOT = 271.16 C SET A NOMINAL UNIVERSAL VALUE OF THE SEA-ICE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY HCPCT=1880.0*917.0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE MATRIX COEFFICIENTS AI, BI, AND CI FOR THE TOP LAYER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDZ = 1.0 / ( -0.5 * ZSOIL(2) ) AI(1) = 0.0 CI(1) = ( DF1 * DDZ ) / ( ZSOIL(1) * HCPCT ) BI(1) = -CI(1) + DF1/( 0.5 * ZSOIL(1) * ZSOIL(1) * HCPCT * ZZ1) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE VERTICAL SOIL TEMP GRADIENT BTWN THE TOP AND 2ND SOIL C LAYERS. RECALC/ADJUST THE SOIL HEAT FLUX. USE THE GRADIENT C AND FLUX TO CALC RHSTS FOR THE TOP SOIL LAYER. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DTSDZ = ( STC(1) - STC(2) ) / ( -0.5 * ZSOIL(2) ) S = DF1 * ( STC(1) - YY ) / ( 0.5 * ZSOIL(1) * ZZ1 ) RHSTS(1) = ( DF1 * DTSDZ - S ) / ( ZSOIL(1) * HCPCT ) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C INITIALIZE DDZ2 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDZ2 = 0.0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C LOOP THRU THE REMAINING SOIL LAYERS, REPEATING THE ABOVE PROCESS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 2, NSOIL IF ( K .NE. NSOIL ) THEN CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE VERTICAL SOIL TEMP GRADIENT THRU THIS LAYER. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DENOM = 0.5 * ( ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K+1) ) DTSDZ2 = ( STC(K) - STC(K+1) ) / DENOM CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE MATRIX COEF, CI, AFTER CALCNG ITS PARTIAL PRODUCT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDZ2 = 2. / (ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K+1)) CI(K) = -DF1 * DDZ2 / ((ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K)) * HCPCT) ELSE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE VERTICAL SOIL TEMP GRADIENT THRU THE LOWEST LAYER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DTSDZ2 = (STC(K)-TBOT)/(.5 * (ZSOIL(K-1) + ZSOIL(K))-ZBOT) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C SET MATRIX COEF, CI TO ZERO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CI(K) = 0. END IF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC RHSTS FOR THIS LAYER AFTER CALCNG A PARTIAL PRODUCT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DENOM = ( ZSOIL(K) - ZSOIL(K-1) ) * HCPCT RHSTS(K) = ( DF1 * DTSDZ2 - DF1 * DTSDZ ) / DENOM CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC MATRIX COEFS, AI, AND BI FOR THIS LAYER. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC AI(K) = - DF1 * DDZ / ((ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K)) * HCPCT) BI(K) = -(AI(K) + CI(K)) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C RESET VALUES OF DTSDZ AND DDZ FOR LOOP TO NEXT SOIL LYR CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DTSDZ = DTSDZ2 DDZ = DDZ2 END DO RETURN END SUBROUTINE HSTEP ( STCOUT, STCIN, RHSTS, DT, NSOIL ) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE/UPDATE THE SOIL TEMPERATURE FIELD. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER NSOLD PARAMETER ( NSOLD = 20 ) INTEGER K INTEGER NSOIL REAL AI ( NSOLD ) REAL BI ( NSOLD ) REAL CI ( NSOLD ) REAL CIin ( NSOLD ) REAL DT REAL RHSTS ( NSOIL ) REAL RHSTSin ( NSOIL ) REAL STCOUT ( NSOIL ) REAL STCIN ( NSOIL ) C COMMON /ABCI/ AI, BI, CI CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CREATE FINITE DIFFERENCE VALUES FOR USE IN ROSR12 ROUTINE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 1 , NSOIL RHSTS(K) = RHSTS(K) * DT AI(K) = AI(K) * DT BI(K) = 1. + BI(K) * DT CI(K) = CI(K) * DT END DO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C COPY VALUES FOR INPUT VARIABLES BEFORE CALL TO ROSR12 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 1 , NSOIL RHSTSin(K) = RHSTS(K) END DO DO K = 1 , NSOLD CIin(K) = CI(K) END DO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C SOLVE THE TRI-DIAGONAL MATRIX EQUATION CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CALL ROSR12 ( CI,AI,BI,CIin,RHSTSin,RHSTS,NSOIL ) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC/UPDATE THE SOIL TEMPS USING MATRIX SOLUTION CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 1 , NSOIL STCOUT(K) = STCIN(K) + CI(K) END DO RETURN END SUBROUTINE NOPAC ( ETP, ETA, PRCP, SMC, SMCMAX, SMCWLT, & SMCREF,SMCDRY,CMC,CMCMAX, NSOIL, DT, SHDFAC, & SBETA, & Q1, Q2, T1, SFCTMP, T24, TH2, F, F1, S, STC, & EPSCA, B, PC, RCH, RR, CFACTR, & SH2O, SLOPE, KDT, FRZFACT, PSISAT, ZSOIL, & DKSAT, DWSAT, TBOT, ZBOT, RUNOFF1, RUNOFF2, & RUNOFF3, EDIR1, EC1, ETT1, NROOT, ICE,RTDIS, & QUARTZ, FXEXP,CSOIL) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE SOIL MOISTURE AND HEAT FLUX VALUES AND UPDATE CC ======= SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND SOIL HEAT CONTENT VALUES FOR CC THE CASE WHEN NO SNOW PACK IS PRESENT. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER ICE INTEGER NROOT INTEGER NSOIL REAL B REAL BETA REAL CFACTR REAL CMC REAL CMCMAX REAL CP REAL CSOIL REAL DEW REAL DF1 REAL DKSAT REAL DRIP REAL DT REAL DWSAT REAL EC REAL EDIR REAL EPSCA REAL ETA REAL ETA1 REAL ETP REAL ETP1 REAL ETT REAL F REAL F1 REAL FXEXP REAL FLX1 REAL FLX2 REAL FLX3 REAL KDT REAL PC REAL PRCP REAL PRCP1 REAL Q2 REAL RCH REAL RIB REAL RR REAL RTDIS (NSOIL) REAL RUNOFF,RUNOXX3 REAL S REAL SBETA REAL SFCTMP REAL SHDFAC REAL SIGMA REAL SMC ( NSOIL ) REAL SH2O ( NSOIL ) REAL SMCDRY REAL SMCMAX REAL SMCREF REAL SMCWLT REAL STC ( NSOIL ) REAL T1 REAL T24 REAL TBOT REAL ZBOT REAL TH2 REAL YY REAL YYNUM REAL ZSOIL ( NSOIL ) REAL ZZ1 REAL Q1, SLOPE, FRZFACT, PSISAT, RUNOFF1, RUNOFF2, RUNOFF3 REAL EDIR1, EC1, ETT1, QUARTZ COMMON/RITE/ BETA,DRIP,EC,EDIR,ETT,FLX1,FLX2,FLX3,RUNOFF, & DEW,RIB,RUNOXX3 PARAMETER(CP=1004.5, SIGMA=5.67E-8) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C EXECUTABLE CODE BEGINS HERE..... C CONVERT ETP FROM KG M-2 S-1 TO MS-1 AND INITIALIZE DEW. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PRCP1 = PRCP * 0.001 ETP1 = ETP * 0.001 DEW = 0.0 IF ( ETP .GT. 0.0 ) THEN CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CONVERT PRCP FROM KG M-2 S-1 TO M S-1 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CALL SMFLX ( ETA1,SMC,NSOIL,CMC,ETP1,DT,PRCP1,ZSOIL, + SH2O, SLOPE, KDT, FRZFACT, & SMCMAX,B,PC,SMCWLT,DKSAT,DWSAT,SMCREF,SHDFAC, & CMCMAX,SMCDRY,CFACTR, RUNOFF1,RUNOFF2, RUNOFF3, & EDIR1, EC1, ETT1, SFCTMP,Q2,NROOT,RTDIS, FXEXP) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CONVERT MODELED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FM M S-1 TO KG M-2 S-1 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ETA = ETA1 * 1000.0 ELSE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C IF ETP < 0, ASSUME DEW FORMS (TRANSFORM ETP1 INTO DEW C AND REINITIALIZE ETP1 TO ZERO) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DEW = -ETP1 ETP1 = 0.0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CONVERT PRCP FROM KG M-2 S-1 TO M S-1 AND ADD DEW AMT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PRCP1 = PRCP1 + DEW C CALL SMFLX ( ETA1,SMC,NSOIL,CMC,ETP1,DT,PRCP1,ZSOIL, + SH2O, SLOPE, KDT, FRZFACT, & SMCMAX,B,PC,SMCWLT,DKSAT,DWSAT,SMCREF,SHDFAC, & CMCMAX,SMCDRY,CFACTR, RUNOFF1,RUNOFF2, RUNOFF3, & EDIR1, EC1, ETT1, SFCTMP, Q2, NROOT,RTDIS, FXEXP) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CONVERT MODELED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FM M S-1 TO KG M-2 S-1 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ETA = ETA1 * 1000.0 ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C BASED ON ETP AND E VALUES, DETERMINE BETA CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF ( ETP .LE. 0.0 ) THEN BETA = 0.0 IF ( ETP .LT. 0.0 ) THEN BETA = 1.0 ETA = ETP ENDIF ELSE BETA = ETA / ETP ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C GET SOIL THERMAL DIFFUXIVITY/CONDUCTIVITY FOR TOP SOIL LYR, C CALC. ADJUSTED TOP LYR SOIL TEMP AND ADJUSTED SOIL FLUX, THEN C CALL SHFLX TO COMPUTE/UPDATE SOIL HEAT FLUX AND SOIL TEMPS. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CALL TDFCND ( DF1, SMC(1),QUARTZ,SMCMAX,SH2O(1) ) C VEGETATION GREENNESS FRACTION REDUCTION IN SUBSURFACE HEAT FLUX C VIA REDUCTION FACTOR, WHICH IS CONVENIENT TO APPLY HERE TO THERMAL C DIFFUSIVITY THAT IS LATER USED IN HRT TO COMPUTE SUB SFC HEAT FLUX C (SEE ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ON VEG EFFECT SUB-SFC HEAT FLX IN C ROUTINE SFLX) DF1 = DF1 * EXP(SBETA*SHDFAC) C COMPUTE INTERMEDIATE TERMS PASSED TO ROUTINE HRT (VIA ROUTINE C SHFLX BELOW) FOR USE IN COMPUTING SUBSURFACE HEAT FLUX IN HRT YYNUM = F - SIGMA * T24 YY = SFCTMP + (YYNUM/RCH+TH2-SFCTMP-BETA*EPSCA) / RR ZZ1 = DF1 / ( -0.5 * ZSOIL(1) * RCH * RR ) + 1.0 CALL SHFLX ( S,STC,SMC,SMCMAX,NSOIL,T1,DT,YY,ZZ1,ZSOIL,TBOT, + ZBOT, SMCWLT, PSISAT, SH2O, & B,F1,DF1, ICE, & QUARTZ,CSOIL) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C SET FLX1, AND FLX3 TO ZERO SINCE THEY ARE NOT USED. FLX2 C WAS SIMILARLY INITIALIZED IN THE PENMAN ROUTINE. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FLX1 = 0.0 FLX3 = 0.0 C RETURN END SUBROUTINE PENMAN(SFCTMP,SFCPRS,CH,T2V,TH2,PRCP,F,T24,S,Q2, & Q2SAT,ETP,RCH,EPSCA,RR,SNOWNG,FRZGRA,DQSDT2) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE POTENTIAL EVAPORATION FOR THE CURRENT POINT. CC ======= VARIOUS PARTIAL SUMS/PRODUCTS ARE ALSO CALCULATED AND CC PASSED BACK TO THE CALLING ROUTINE FOR LATER USE. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LOGICAL SNOWNG LOGICAL FRZGRA REAL A REAL BETA REAL CH REAL CP REAL CPH2O REAL CPICE REAL DELTA REAL DEW REAL DRIP REAL EC REAL EDIR REAL ELCP REAL EPSCA REAL ETP REAL ETT REAL F REAL FLX1 REAL FLX2 REAL FLX3 REAL FNET REAL LSUBC REAL LSUBF REAL PRCP REAL Q2 REAL Q2SAT REAL R REAL RAD REAL RCH REAL RHO REAL RIB REAL RR REAL RUNOFF,RUNOXX3 REAL S REAL SFCPRS REAL SFCTMP REAL SIGMA REAL T24 REAL T2V REAL TH2 REAL DQSDT2 COMMON/RITE/ BETA,DRIP,EC,EDIR,ETT,FLX1,FLX2,FLX3,RUNOFF, & DEW,RIB,RUNOXX3 PARAMETER(CP=1004.6,CPH2O=4.218E+3,CPICE=2.106E+3,R=287.04, & ELCP=2.4888E+3,LSUBF=3.335E+5,LSUBC=2.501000E+6,SIGMA=5.67E-8) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C EXECUTABLE CODE BEGINS HERE... CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FLX2 = 0.0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C PREPARE PARTIAL QUANTITIES FOR PENMAN EQUATION. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DELTA = ELCP * DQSDT2 T24 = SFCTMP * SFCTMP * SFCTMP * SFCTMP RR = T24 * 6.48E-8 / ( SFCPRS * CH ) + 1.0 RHO = SFCPRS / ( R * T2V ) RCH = RHO * CP * CH CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C ADJUST THE PARTIAL SUMS / PRODUCTS WITH THE LATENT HEAT C EFFECTS CAUSED BY FALLING PRECIPITATION. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF ( .NOT. SNOWNG ) THEN IF ( PRCP .GT. 0.0 ) RR = RR + CPH2O * PRCP / RCH ELSE RR = RR + CPICE * PRCP / RCH ENDIF FNET = F - SIGMA * T24 - S CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C INCLUDE THE LATENT HEAT EFFECTS OF FRZNG RAIN CONVERTING TO C ICE ON IMPACT IN THE CALCULATION OF FLX2 AND FNET. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF ( FRZGRA ) THEN FLX2 = -LSUBF * PRCP FNET = FNET - FLX2 ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C FINISH PENMAN EQUATION CALCULATIONS. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RAD = FNET / RCH + TH2 - SFCTMP A = ELCP * ( Q2SAT - Q2 ) EPSCA = ( A * RR + RAD * DELTA ) / ( DELTA + RR ) ETP = EPSCA * RCH / LSUBC RETURN END SUBROUTINE REDPRM(VEGTYP, SOILTYP, SLOPETYP, + CFACTR, CMCMAX, RSMAX, TOPT, REFKDT, KDT, SBETA, + SHDFAC, RCMIN, RGL, HS, ZBOT, FRZX, PSISAT, SLOPE, + SNUP, SALP, B, DKSAT, DWSAT, SMCMAX, SMCWLT, SMCREF, + SMCDRY, F1, QUARTZ, FXEXP, RTDIS, SLDPTH, ZSOIL, + NROOT, NSOIL, Z0, CZIL, LAI, CSOIL, PTU) IMPLICIT NONE C This subroutine internally sets (defaults), or optionally reads-in c via namelist I/O, all the soil and vegetation parameters C required for the execusion of the NOAH - LSM c c optional non-default parameters can be read in, accommodating up C to 30 soil, veg, or slope classes, if the default max number of C soil, veg, and/or slope types is reset. c future upgrades of routine REDPRM must expand to incorporate some c of the empirical parameters of the frozen soil and snowpack physics c (such as in routines FRH2O, SNOWPACK, and SNOW_NEW) not yet set in c this REDPRM routine, but rather set in lower level subroutines C Set maximum number of soil-, veg-, and slopetyp in data statement INTEGER MAX_SOILTYP INTEGER MAX_VEGTYP INTEGER MAX_SLOPETYP PARAMETER (MAX_SOILTYP = 30) PARAMETER (MAX_VEGTYP = 30) PARAMETER (MAX_SLOPETYP = 30) C Number of defined soil-, veg-, and slopetyps used INTEGER DEFINED_VEG INTEGER DEFINED_SOIL INTEGER DEFINED_SLOPE DATA DEFINED_VEG/13/ DATA DEFINED_SOIL/9/ DATA DEFINED_SLOPE/9/ C SET-UP SOIL PARAMETERS FOR GIVEN SOIL TYPE C INPUT: SOLTYP: SOIL TYPE (INTEGER INDEX) C OUTPUT: SOIL PARAMETERS: C MAXSMC: MAX SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT (POROSITY) C REFSMC: REFERENCE SOIL MOISTURE (ONSET OF SOIL MOISTURE C STRESS IN TRANSPIRATION) C WLTSMC: WILTING PT SOIL MOISTURE CONTENTS C DRYSMC: AIR DRY SOIL MOIST CONTENT LIMITS C SATPSI: SATURATED SOIL POTENTIAL C SATDK: SATURATED SOIL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY C BB: THE 'B' PARAMETER C SATDW: SATURATED SOIL DIFFUSIVITY C F11: USED TO COMPUTE SOIL DIFFUSIVITY/CONDUCTIVITY C QUARTZ: SOIL QUARTZ CONTENT C C SOIL TYPES ZOBLER (1986) COSBY ET AL (1984) (quartz cont.(1)) C 1 COARSE LOAMY SAND (0.82) C 2 MEDIUM SILTY CLAY LOAM (0.10) C 3 FINE LIGHT CLAY (0.25) C 4 COARSE-MEDIUM SANDY LOAM (0.60) C 5 COARSE-FINE SANDY CLAY (0.52) C 6 MEDIUM-FINE CLAY LOAM (0.35) C 7 COARSE-MED-FINE SANDY CLAY LOAM (0.60) C 8 ORGANIC LOAM (0.40) C 9 GLACIAL LAND ICE LOAMY SAND (NA using 0.82) REAL BB(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL DRYSMC(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL F11(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL MAXSMC(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL REFSMC(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL SATPSI(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL SATDK(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL SATDW(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL WLTSMC(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL QTZ(MAX_SOILTYP) REAL B REAL DKSAT REAL DWSAT REAL SMCMAX REAL SMCWLT REAL SMCREF REAL SMCDRY REAL PTU REAL F1 REAL QUARTZ REAL REFSMC1 REAL WLTSMC1 DATA MAXSMC/0.421, 0.464, 0.468, 0.434, 0.406, 0.465, & 0.404, 0.439, 0.421, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000/ DATA SATPSI/0.04, 0.62, 0.47, 0.14, 0.10, 0.26, & 0.14, 0.36, 0.04, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, & 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, & 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, & 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00/ DATA SATDK /1.41E-5, 0.20E-5, 0.10E-5, 0.52E-5, 0.72E-5, & 0.25E-5, 0.45E-5, 0.34E-5, 1.41E-5, 0.00, & 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00, & 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00, & 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00, & 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00/ DATA BB /4.26, 8.72, 11.55, 4.74, 10.73, 8.17, & 6.77, 5.25, 4.26, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, & 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, & 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, & 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00/ DATA QTZ /0.82, 0.10, 0.25, 0.60, 0.52, 0.35, & 0.60, 0.40, 0.82, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, & 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, & 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, & 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00/ C The following 5 parameters are derived later in REDPRM.f C from the soil data, and are just given here for reference C and to force static storage allocation C Dag Lohmann, Feb. 2001 DATA REFSMC/0.283, 0.387, 0.412, 0.312, 0.338, 0.382, & 0.315, 0.329, 0.283, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000/ DATA WLTSMC/0.029, 0.119, 0.139, 0.047, 0.100, 0.103, & 0.069, 0.066, 0.029, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000/ DATA DRYSMC/0.029, 0.119, 0.139, 0.047, 0.100, 0.103, & 0.069, 0.066, 0.029, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000/ DATA SATDW /5.71E-6, 2.33E-5, 1.16E-5, 7.95E-6, 1.90E-5, & 1.14E-5, 1.06E-5, 1.46E-5, 5.71E-6, 0.00, & 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00, & 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00, & 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00, & 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00 , 0.00/ DATA F11 /-0.999, -1.116, -2.137, -0.572, -3.201, -1.302, & -1.519, -0.329, -0.999, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, & 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000/ C####################################################################### C SET-UP VEGETATION PARAMETERS FOR A GIVEN VEGETAION TYPE C C INPUT: VEGTYP = VEGETATION TYPE (INTEGER INDEX) C OUPUT: VEGETATION PARAMETERS C SHDFAC: VEGETATION GREENNESS FRACTION C RCMIN: MIMIMUM STOMATAL RESISTANCE C RGL: PARAMETER USED IN SOLAR RAD TERM OF C CANOPY RESISTANCE FUNCTION C HS: PARAMETER USED IN VAPOR PRESSURE DEFICIT TERM OF C CANOPY RESISTANCE FUNCTION C SNUP: THRESHOLD SNOW DEPTH (IN WATER EQUIVALENT M) THAT C IMPLIES 100% SNOW COVER C C SSIB VEGETATION TYPES (DORMAN AND SELLERS, 1989; JAM) C C 1: BROADLEAF-EVERGREEN TREES (TROPICAL FOREST) C 2: BROADLEAF-DECIDUOUS TREES C 3: BROADLEAF AND NEEDLELEAF TREES (MIXED FOREST) C 4: NEEDLELEAF-EVERGREEN TREES C 5: NEEDLELEAF-DECIDUOUS TREES (LARCH) C 6: BROADLEAF TREES WITH GROUNDCOVER (SAVANNA) C 7: GROUNDCOVER ONLY (PERENNIAL) C 8: BROADLEAF SHRUBS WITH PERENNIAL GROUNDCOVER C 9: BROADLEAF SHRUBS WITH BARE SOIL C 10: DWARF TREES AND SHRUBS WITH GROUNDCOVER (TUNDRA) C 11: BARE SOIL C 12: CULTIVATIONS (THE SAME PARAMETERS AS FOR TYPE 7) C 13: GLACIAL (THE SAME PARAMETERS AS FOR TYPE 11) INTEGER NROOT_DATA(MAX_VEGTYP) REAL RSMTBL(MAX_VEGTYP) REAL RGLTBL(MAX_VEGTYP) REAL HSTBL(MAX_VEGTYP) REAL SNUPX(MAX_VEGTYP) REAL Z0_DATA(MAX_VEGTYP) REAL LAI_DATA(MAX_VEGTYP) INTEGER NROOT REAL SHDFAC REAL RCMIN REAL RGL REAL HS REAL FRZFACT REAL PSISAT REAL SNUP REAL Z0 REAL LAI DATA NROOT_DATA /4,4,4,4,4,4,3,3,3,2,3,3,2,0,0, * 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0/ DATA RSMTBL /150.0, 100.0, 125.0, 150.0, 100.0, 70.0, * 40.0, 300.0, 400.0, 150.0, 400.0, 40.0, * 150.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, * 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, * 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/ DATA RGLTBL /30.0, 30.0, 30.0, 30.0, 30.0, 65.0, * 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, * 100.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, * 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, * 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/ DATA HSTBL /41.69, 54.53, 51.93, 47.35, 47.35, 54.53, * 36.35, 42.00, 42.00, 42.00, 42.00, 36.35, * 42.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, * 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, * 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00/ DATA SNUPX /0.080, 0.080, 0.080, 0.080, 0.080, 0.080, * 0.040, 0.040, 0.040, 0.040, 0.025, 0.040, * 0.025, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, * 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, * 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000/ DATA Z0_DATA /2.653, 0.826, 0.563, 1.089, 0.854, 0.856, * 0.035, 0.238, 0.065, 0.076, 0.011, 0.035, * 0.011, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, * 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, * 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000/ c DATA LAI_DATA /3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, c * 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, c * 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, c * 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, c * 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/ DATA LAI_DATA /4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, * 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, * 4.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, * 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, * 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/ C####################################################################### C CLASS PARAMETER 'SLOPETYP' WAS INCLUDED TO ESTIMATE C LINEAR RESERVOIR COEFFICIENT 'SLOPE' TO THE BASEFLOW RUNOFF C OUT OF THE BOTTOM LAYER. LOWEST CLASS (SLOPETYP=0)MEANS C HIGHEST SLOPE PARAMETER= 1 C DEFINITION OF SLOPETYP FROM 'ZOBLER' SLOPE TYPE C SLOPE CLASS PERCENT SLOPE C 1 0-8 C 2 8-30 C 3 > 30 C 4 0-30 C 5 0-8 & > 30 C 6 8-30 & > 30 C 7 0-8, 8-30, > 30 C 9 GLACIAL ICE C BLANK OCEAN/SEA C NOTE: CLASS 9 FROM 'ZOBLER' FILE SHOULD BE REPLACED BY 8 C AND 'BLANK' 9 REAL SLOPE REAL SLOPE_DATA(MAX_SLOPETYP) DATA SLOPE_DATA /0.1, 0.6, 1.0, 0.35, 0.55, 0.8, * 0.63, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, * 0.0 , 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, * 0.0 , 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, * 0.0 , 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/ C####################################################################### C Set namelist file name CHARACTER*50 NAMELIST_NAME C####################################################################### C SET UNIVERSAL PARAMETERS (NOT DEPENDENT ON SOIL, VEG, SLOPE TYPE) INTEGER VEGTYP INTEGER SOILTYP INTEGER SLOPETYP INTEGER NSOIL INTEGER I INTEGER BARE DATA BARE /11/ LOGICAL LPARAM DATA LPARAM /.TRUE./ LOGICAL LFIRST DATA LFIRST /.TRUE./ C Parameter used to calculate roughness length of heat REAL CZIL, CZIL_DATA DATA CZIL_DATA /0.2/ C Parameter used to caluculate vegetation effect on soil heat flux REAL SBETA, SBETA_DATA DATA SBETA_DATA /-2.0/ C BARE SOIL EVAPORATION EXPONENT USED IN DEVAP REAL FXEXP, FXEXP_DATA DATA FXEXP_DATA /2.0/ C Soil heat capacity [J/m^3/K] REAL CSOIL, CSOIL_DATA DATA CSOIL_DATA /1.26E+6/ C SPECIFY SNOW DISTRIBUTION SHAPE PARAMETER C SALP - SHAPE PARAMETER OF DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION C OF SNOW COVER. FROM ANDERSONS DATA (HYDRO-17) C BEST FIT IS WHEN SALP = 2.6 REAL SALP, SALP_DATA DATA SALP_DATA /2.6/ C KDT IS DEFINED BY REFERENCE REFKDT AND DKSAT C REFDK=2.E-6 IS THE SAT. DK. VALUE FOR THE SOIL TYPE 2 REAL REFDK, REFDK_DATA DATA REFDK_DATA /2.0E-6/ REAL REFKDT, REFKDT_DATA DATA REFKDT_DATA /3.0/ REAL KDT REAL FRZX C FROZEN GROUND PARAMETER, FRZK, DEFINITION C FRZK IS ICE CONTENT THRESHOLD ABOVE WHICH FROZEN SOIL IS IMPERMEABLE C REFERENCE VALUE OF THIS PARAMETER FOR THE LIGHT CLAY SOIL (TYPE=3) C FRZK = 0.15 M REAL FRZK, FRZK_DATA DATA FRZK_DATA /0.15/ REAL RTDIS(NSOIL) REAL SLDPTH(NSOIL) REAL ZSOIL(NSOIL) C Set two canopy water parameters REAL CFACTR, CFACTR_DATA REAL CMCMAX, CMCMAX_DATA DATA CFACTR_DATA /0.5/ DATA CMCMAX_DATA /0.5E-3/ C Set max. stomatal resistance REAL RSMAX, RSMAX_DATA DATA RSMAX_DATA /5000.0/ C Set optimum transpiration air temperature REAL TOPT, TOPT_DATA DATA TOPT_DATA /298.0/ C Specify depth[m] of lower boundary soil temperature REAL ZBOT, ZBOT_DATA DATA ZBOT_DATA /-3.0/ C####################################################################### C Namelist definition NAMELIST /SOIL_VEG/ SLOPE_DATA, RSMTBL, RGLTBL, HSTBL, SNUPX, & BB, DRYSMC, F11, MAXSMC, REFSMC, SATPSI, SATDK, SATDW, & WLTSMC, QTZ, LPARAM, ZBOT_DATA, SALP_DATA, CFACTR_DATA, & CMCMAX_DATA, SBETA_DATA, RSMAX_DATA, TOPT_DATA, & REFDK_DATA, FRZK_DATA, BARE, DEFINED_VEG, DEFINED_SOIL, & DEFINED_SLOPE, FXEXP_DATA, NROOT_DATA, REFKDT_DATA, Z0_DATA, & CZIL_DATA, LAI_DATA, CSOIL_DATA C Read namelist file to override default parameters C only once. IF (LFIRST) THEN OPEN(58, FILE = 'namelist_filename.txt') C NAMELIST_NAME must be 50 characters or less. READ(58,'(A)') NAMELIST_NAME CLOSE(58) WRITE(*,*) 'Namelist Filename is ', NAMELIST_NAME Clnx OPEN(59, FILE = NAMELIST_NAME) 50 CONTINUE Clnx READ(59, SOIL_VEG, END=100) Clnx IF (LPARAM) GOTO 50 100 CONTINUE C CLOSE(59) c WRITE(*,NML=SOIL_VEG) LFIRST = .FALSE. IF (DEFINED_SOIL .GT. MAX_SOILTYP) THEN WRITE(*,*) 'Warning: DEFINED_SOIL too large in namelist' STOP 222 END IF IF (DEFINED_VEG .GT. MAX_VEGTYP) THEN WRITE(*,*) 'Warning: DEFINED_VEG too large in namelist' STOP 222 END IF IF (DEFINED_SLOPE .GT. MAX_SLOPETYP) THEN WRITE(*,*) 'Warning: DEFINED_SLOPE too large in namelist' STOP 222 END IF DO I = 1, DEFINED_SOIL SATDW(I) = BB(I)*SATDK(I)*(SATPSI(I)/MAXSMC(I)) F11(I) = ALOG10(SATPSI(I)) + BB(I)*ALOG10(MAXSMC(I)) + 2.0 REFSMC1 = MAXSMC(I)*(5.79E-9/SATDK(I)) & **(1.0/(2.0*BB(I)+3.0)) REFSMC(I) = REFSMC1 + (MAXSMC(I)-REFSMC1) / 3.0 WLTSMC1 = MAXSMC(I) * (200.0/SATPSI(I))**(-1.0/BB(I)) WLTSMC(I) = WLTSMC1 - 0.5 * WLTSMC1 C Current version DRYSMC values that equate to WLTSMC C Future version could let DRYSMC be independently set via namelist DRYSMC(I) = WLTSMC(I) END DO END IF IF (SOILTYP .GT. DEFINED_SOIL) THEN WRITE(*,*) 'Warning: too many soil types' STOP 333 END IF IF (VEGTYP .GT. DEFINED_VEG) THEN WRITE(*,*) 'Warning: too many veg types' STOP 333 END IF IF (SLOPETYP .GT. DEFINED_SLOPE) THEN WRITE(*,*) 'Warning: too many slope types' STOP 333 END IF C SET-UP UNIVERSAL PARAMETERS C (NOT DEPENDENT ON SOILTYP, VEGTYP OR SLOPETYP) ZBOT = ZBOT_DATA SALP = SALP_DATA CFACTR = CFACTR_DATA CMCMAX = CMCMAX_DATA SBETA = SBETA_DATA RSMAX = RSMAX_DATA TOPT = TOPT_DATA REFDK = REFDK_DATA FRZK = FRZK_DATA FXEXP = FXEXP_DATA REFKDT = REFKDT_DATA CZIL = CZIL_DATA CSOIL = CSOIL_DATA C SET-UP SOIL PARAMETERS B = BB(SOILTYP) SMCDRY = DRYSMC(SOILTYP) F1 = F11(SOILTYP) SMCMAX = MAXSMC(SOILTYP) SMCREF = REFSMC(SOILTYP) PSISAT = SATPSI(SOILTYP) DKSAT = SATDK(SOILTYP) DWSAT = SATDW(SOILTYP) SMCWLT = WLTSMC(SOILTYP) QUARTZ = QTZ(SOILTYP) FRZFACT = (SMCMAX / SMCREF) * (0.412 / 0.468) KDT = REFKDT * DKSAT/REFDK C TO ADJUST FRZK PARAMETER TO ACTUAL SOIL TYPE: FRZK * FRZFACT FRZX = FRZK * FRZFACT C SET-UP VEGETATION PARAMETERS NROOT = NROOT_DATA(VEGTYP) SNUP = SNUPX(VEGTYP) RCMIN = RSMTBL(VEGTYP) RGL = RGLTBL(VEGTYP) HS = HSTBL(VEGTYP) Z0 = Z0_DATA(VEGTYP) LAI = LAI_DATA(VEGTYP) IF(VEGTYP .EQ. BARE) SHDFAC = 0.0 IF (NROOT .GT. NSOIL) THEN WRITE(*,*) 'Warning: too many root layers' STOP 333 END IF C CALCULATE ROOT DISTRIBUTION C PRESENT VERSION ASSUMES UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION BASED ON SOIL LAYERS DO I=1,NROOT RTDIS(I) = -SLDPTH(I)/ZSOIL(NROOT) END DO C SET-UP SLOPE PARAMETER SLOPE = SLOPE_DATA(SLOPETYP) C RETURN END SUBROUTINE ROSR12 ( P, A, B, C, D, DELTA, NSOIL ) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO INVERT (SOLVE) THE TRI-DIAGONAL MATRIX PROBLEM SHOWN CC ======= BELOW: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER K INTEGER KK INTEGER NSOIL REAL P (NSOIL) REAL A (NSOIL) REAL B (NSOIL) REAL C (NSOIL) REAL D (NSOIL) REAL DELTA (NSOIL) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C INITIALIZE EQN COEF C FOR THE LOWEST SOIL LAYER. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C(NSOIL) = 0.0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C SOLVE THE COEFS FOR THE 1ST SOIL LAYER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC P(1) = -C(1) / B(1) DELTA(1) = D(1) / B(1) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C SOLVE THE COEFS FOR SOIL LAYERS 2 THRU NSOIL CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 2 , NSOIL P(K) = -C(K) * ( 1.0 / (B(K) + A (K) * P(K-1)) ) DELTA(K) = (D(K)-A(K)*DELTA(K-1))*(1.0/(B(K)+A(K)*P(K-1))) END Do CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C SET P TO DELTA FOR LOWEST SOIL LAYER. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC P(NSOIL) = DELTA(NSOIL) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C ADJUST P FOR SOIL LAYERS 2 THRU NSOIL CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 2 , NSOIL KK = NSOIL - K + 1 P(KK) = P(KK) * P(KK+1) + DELTA(KK) END DO RETURN END SUBROUTINE SHFLX(S,STC,SMC,SMCMAX,NSOIL,T1,DT,YY,ZZ1,ZSOIL,TBOT, + ZBOT, SMCWLT, PSISAT, SH2O, B,F1,DF1,ICE,QUARTZ,CSOIL) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: UPDATE THE TEMPERATURE STATE OF THE SOIL COLUMN BASED ON CC THE THERMAL DIFFUSION EQUATION AND UPDATE THE FROZEN SOIL CC MOISTURE CONTENT BASED ON THE TEMPERATURE. CC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER NSOLD PARAMETER ( NSOLD = 20 ) INTEGER I INTEGER ICE INTEGER IFRZ INTEGER NSOIL REAL B REAL DF1 REAL CSOIL REAL DT REAL F1 REAL PSISAT REAL QUARTZ REAL RHSTS ( NSOLD ) REAL S REAL SMC ( NSOIL ) REAL SH2O ( NSOIL ) REAL SMCMAX REAL SMCWLT REAL STC (NSOIL) REAL STCF (NSOLD) REAL T0 REAL T1 REAL TBOT REAL ZBOT REAL YY REAL ZSOIL ( NSOIL ) REAL ZZ1 PARAMETER ( T0 = 273.15) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C HRT ROUTINE CALCS THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE SOIL TEMP DIF EQN CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF(ICE.EQ.1) THEN C..SEA-ICE CASE CALL HRTICE(RHSTS,STC,NSOIL,ZSOIL,YY,ZZ1,DF1) CALL HSTEP (STCF,STC,RHSTS,DT,NSOIL) ELSE C..LAND-MASS CASE CALL HRT(RHSTS,STC,SMC,SMCMAX,NSOIL,ZSOIL,YY,ZZ1,TBOT, + ZBOT, PSISAT, SH2O, DT, + B,F1,DF1,QUARTZ,CSOIL) CALL HSTEP(STCF,STC,RHSTS,DT,NSOIL) ENDIF DO I = 1,NSOIL STC(I) = STCF(I) END DO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C IN THE NO SNOWPACK CASE (VIA ROUTINE NOPAC BRANCH,) UPDATE THE C GRND (SKIN) TEMPERATURE HERE IN RESPONSE TO THE UPDATED SOIL C TEMPERATURE PROFILE ABOVE. C (NOTE: INSPECTION OF ROUTINE SNOPAC SHOWS THAT T1 BELOW IS A DUMMY C VARIABLE ONLY, AS SKIN TEMPERATURE IS UPDATED DIFFERENTLY C IN ROUTINE SNOPAC) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC T1 = (YY + (ZZ1 - 1.0) * STC(1)) / ZZ1 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE SFC SOIL HEAT FLUX CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC c S = DF1 * (STC(1) - T1) / (0.5 * ZSOIL(1)) RETURN END SUBROUTINE SMFLX ( ETA1,SMC,NSOIL,CMC,ETP1,DT,PRCP1,ZSOIL, & SH2O, SLOPE, KDT, FRZFACT, & SMCMAX,B,PC,SMCWLT,DKSAT,DWSAT,SMCREF,SHDFAC,CMCMAX, & SMCDRY,CFACTR, RUNOFF1,RUNOFF2, RUNOFF3, EDIR1, EC1, & ETT1, SFCTMP,Q2,NROOT,RTDIS, FXEXP) IMPLICIT NONE C ------------ FROZEN GROUND VERSION -------------------------- C NEW STATES ADDED: SH2O, AND FROZEN GROUD CORRECTION FACTOR, FRZFACT C AND PARAMETER SLOPE C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE SOIL MOISTURE FLUX. THE SOIL MOISTURE CC ======= CONTENT (SMC - A PER UNIT VOLUME MEASUREMENT) IS A CC DEPENDENT VARIABLE THAT IS UPDATED WITH PROGNOSTIC EQNS. CC THE CANOPY MOISTURE CONTENT (CMC) IS ALSO UPDATED. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER NSOLD PARAMETER ( NSOLD = 20 ) INTEGER K INTEGER NSOIL REAL B REAL BETA REAL CFACTR REAL CMC REAL CMCMAX REAL DEW REAL DKSAT REAL DRIP REAL DT REAL DWSAT REAL EC REAL EDIR REAL ET ( NSOLD ) REAL ETA1 REAL ETP1 REAL ETT REAL EXCESS REAL FXEXP REAL FLX1 REAL FLX2 REAL FLX3 REAL KDT REAL PC REAL PCPDRP REAL PRCP1 REAL RHSCT REAL RHSTT ( NSOLD ) REAL RIB REAL RTDIS (NSOIL) REAL RUNOF REAL RUNOFF,RUNOXX3 REAL SHDFAC REAL SMC ( NSOIL ) C --------------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION --------------------- REAL SH2O ( NSOIL ) REAL SICE ( NSOLD ) REAL SH2OA ( NSOLD ) REAL SH2OFG ( NSOLD ) C ------------------------------------------------------------------- REAL SMCDRY REAL SMCMAX REAL SMCREF REAL SMCWLT REAL TRHSCT REAL ZSOIL ( NSOIL ) C Temperature criteria for snowfall TFREEZ should have C same value as in SFLX.f REAL TFREEZ PARAMETER (TFREEZ = 273.15) REAL SLOPE, FRZFACT, RUNOFF1, RUNOFF2, RUNOFF3, EDIR1, EC1 REAL ETT1, SFCTMP, Q2, DUMMY, CMC2MS, DEVAP INTEGER NROOT, I COMMON/RITE/ BETA,DRIP,EC,EDIR,ETT,FLX1,FLX2,FLX3,RUNOF, & DEW,RIB,RUNOXX3 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C EXECUTABLE CODE BEGINS HERE....IF THE POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANS- C PIRATION IS GREATER THAN ZERO... CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DUMMY=0. EDIR = 0. EC = 0. ETT = 0. DO K = 1, NSOIL ET ( K ) = 0. END DO C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- IF ( ETP1 .GT. 0.0 ) THEN CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C RETRIEVE DIRECT EVAPORATION FROM SOIL SURFACE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C call this function only if veg cover not complete C -------------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION --------------------- C SMC STATES WERE REPLACED BY SH2O STATES C IF (SHDFAC .LT. 1.) THEN EDIR = DEVAP ( ETP1, SH2O(1), ZSOIL(1), SHDFAC, SMCMAX, & B, DKSAT, DWSAT, SMCDRY,SMCREF, SMCWLT, FXEXP) ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C INITIALIZE PLANT TOTAL TRANSPIRATION, RETRIEVE PLANT C TRANSPIRATION, AND ACCUMULATE IT FOR ALL SOIL LAYERS. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC c ETT = 0. IF(SHDFAC.GT.0.0) THEN C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C -------------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION --------------------- C SMC STATES WERE REPLACED BY SH2O STATES C CALL TRANSP ( ET,NSOIL,ETP1,SH2O,CMC,ZSOIL,SHDFAC,SMCWLT, & CMCMAX,PC,CFACTR,SMCREF,SFCTMP,Q2,NROOT,RTDIS) DO K = 1 , NSOIL ETT = ETT + ET ( K ) END DO c move this ENDIF after canopy evap calcs since CMC=0 for SHDFAC=0 c ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CALCULATE CANOPY EVAPORATION CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ccc If statements to avoid TANGENT LINEAR problems near CMC=zero IF (CMC .GT. 0.0) THEN EC = SHDFAC * ( ( CMC / CMCMAX ) ** CFACTR ) * ETP1 ELSE EC = 0.0 ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C######## EC SHOULD BE LIMITED BY THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE C WATER ON THE CANOPY. MODIFIED BY F.CHEN ON 10/18/94 C######## CMC2MS = CMC / DT EC = MIN ( CMC2MS, EC ) ENDIF ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C TOTAL UP EVAP AND TRANSP TYPES TO OBTAIN ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC EDIR1=EDIR EC1=EC ETT1=ETT ETA1 = EDIR + ETT + EC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C COMPUTE THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE CANOPY EQN TERM ( RHSCT ) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RHSCT = SHDFAC * PRCP1 - EC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CONVERT RHSCT (A RATE) TO TRHSCT (AN AMT) AND ADD IT TO EXISTING C CMC. IF RESULTING AMT EXCEEDS MAX CAPACITY, IT BECOMES DRIP C AND WILL FALL TO THE GRND. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DRIP = 0. TRHSCT = DT * RHSCT EXCESS = CMC + TRHSCT IF ( EXCESS .GT. CMCMAX ) DRIP = EXCESS - CMCMAX CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C PCPDRP IS THE COMBINED PRCP1 AND DRIP (FROM CMC) THAT C GOES INTO THE SOIL CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PCPDRP = (1. - SHDFAC) * PRCP1 + DRIP / DT C PRINT*,' ################ SMLX ##################' C PRINT*,' PCPDRP=', PCPDRP, ' EDIR=', EDIR,' ET=', ET, C * 'SMC(1)=', SMC(1), 'SMC(2)=', SMC(2), ' PRCP1=', PRCP1, C * 'DRIP = ', DRIP / DT C --------------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION -------------------- C STORE ICE CONTENT AT EACH SOIL LAYER BEFORE CALLING SRT & SSTEP C DO I = 1,NSOIL SICE(I) = SMC(I) - SH2O(I) END DO C ------------------------------------------------------------------ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALL SUBROUTINES SRT AND SSTEP TO SOLVE THE SOIL MOISTURE C TENDENCY EQUATIONS. C C IF THE INFILTRATING PRECIP RATE IS NONTRIVIAL, C C (WE CONSIDER NONTRIVIAL TO BE A PRECIP TOTAL OVER THE TIME STEP C EXCEEDING ONE ONE-THOUSANDTH OF THE WATER HOLDING CAPACITY OF C THE FIRST SOIL LAYER) C C THEN CALL THE SRT/SSTEP SUBROUTINE PAIR TWICE IN THE MANNER OF C TIME SCHEME "F" (IMPLICIT STATE, AVERAGED COEFFICIENT) C OF SECTION 2 OF KALNAY AND KANAMITSU (1988, MWR, VOL 116, C PAGES 1945-1958)TO MINIMIZE 2-DELTA-T OSCILLATIONS IN THE C SOIL MOISTURE VALUE OF THE TOP SOIL LAYER THAT CAN ARISE BECAUSE C OF THE EXTREME NONLINEAR DEPENDENCE OF THE SOIL HYDRAULIC C DIFFUSIVITY COEFFICIENT AND THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ON THE C SOIL MOISTURE STATE C C OTHERWISE CALL THE SRT/SSTEP SUBROUTINE PAIR ONCE IN THE MANNER OF C TIME SCHEME "D" (IMPLICIT STATE, EXPLICIT COEFFICIENT) C OF SECTION 2 OF KALNAY AND KANAMITSU C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C PCPDRP IS UNITS OF KG/M**2/S OR MM/S, ZSOIL IS NEGATIVE DEPTH IN M C......IF ( PCPDRP .GT. 0.0 ) THEN IF ( (PCPDRP*DT) .GT. (0.001*1000.0*(-ZSOIL(1))*SMCMAX) ) THEN C --------------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION --------------------- C SMC STATES REPLACED BY SH2O STATES IN SRT SUBR. C SH2O & SICE STATES INCLUDED IN SSTEP SUBR. C FROZEN GROUND CORRECTION FACTOR, FRZFACT, ADDED C ALL WATER BALANCE CALCULATIONS USING UNFROZEN WATER C CALL SRT ( RHSTT,RUNOFF,EDIR,ET,SH2O,SH2O,NSOIL,PCPDRP,ZSOIL, & DWSAT,DKSAT,SMCMAX, B, RUNOFF1, + RUNOFF2,DT,SMCWLT,SLOPE,KDT,FRZFACT, SICE) CALL SSTEP ( SH2OFG,SH2O,DUMMY,RHSTT,RHSCT,DT,NSOIL,SMCMAX, & CMCMAX, RUNOFF3, ZSOIL, SMC, SICE ) DO K = 1, NSOIL SH2OA(K) = ( SH2O(K) + SH2OFG(K) ) * 0.5 END DO CALL SRT ( RHSTT,RUNOFF,EDIR,ET,SH2O,SH2OA,NSOIL,PCPDRP,ZSOIL, & DWSAT,DKSAT,SMCMAX, B, RUNOFF1, + RUNOFF2,DT,SMCWLT,SLOPE,KDT,FRZFACT, SICE) CALL SSTEP ( SH2O,SH2O,CMC,RHSTT,RHSCT,DT,NSOIL,SMCMAX, & CMCMAX, RUNOFF3, ZSOIL,SMC,SICE) ELSE CALL SRT ( RHSTT,RUNOFF,EDIR,ET,SH2O,SH2O,NSOIL,PCPDRP,ZSOIL, & DWSAT,DKSAT,SMCMAX, B, RUNOFF1, + RUNOFF2,DT,SMCWLT,SLOPE,KDT,FRZFACT, SICE) CALL SSTEP ( SH2O,SH2O,CMC,RHSTT,RHSCT,DT,NSOIL,SMCMAX, & CMCMAX, RUNOFF3, ZSOIL,SMC,SICE) ENDIF RUNOF = RUNOFF RETURN END FUNCTION SNKSRC ( TUP,TM,TDN, SMC, SH2O, ZSOIL,NSOIL, + SMCMAX, PSISAT, B, DT, K, QTOT) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE SINK/SOURCE TERM OF THE TERMAL DIFFUSION CC ======= EQUATION. (SH2O) IS AVAILABLE LIQUED WATER. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER K INTEGER NSOIL REAL B REAL DF REAL DFH2O REAL DFICE REAL DH2O REAL DT REAL DZ REAL DZH REAL FREE REAL FRH2O REAL HLICE REAL PSISAT REAL QTOT REAL SH2O REAL SMC REAL SMCMAX REAL SNKSRC REAL T0 REAL TAVG REAL TDN REAL TM REAL TUP REAL TZ REAL X0 REAL XDN REAL XH2O REAL XUP REAL ZSOIL (NSOIL) PARAMETER (HLICE=3.3350E5) PARAMETER (DH2O =1.0000E3) PARAMETER ( T0 =2.7315E2) IF(K.EQ.1) THEN DZ=-ZSOIL(1) ELSE DZ=ZSOIL(K-1)-ZSOIL(K) ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALCULATE POTENTIAL REDUCTION OF LIQUED WATER CONTENT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC XH2O=QTOT*DT/(DH2O*HLICE*DZ) + SH2O CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C ESTIMATE UNFROZEN WATER AT TEMPERATURE TAVG, C AND CHECK IF CALCULATED WATER CONTENT IS REASONABLE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C #### NEW CALCULATION OF AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (TAVG) ########## C #### IN FREEZING/THAWING LAYER USING UP, DOWN, AND MIDDLE ### C #### LAYER TEMPERATURES (TUP, TDN, TM) ########## DZH=DZ*0.5 IF (TUP .LT. T0) THEN IF (TM .LT. T0) THEN IF (TDN .LT. T0) THEN C *** TUP, TM, TDN < T0 *** TAVG = (TUP + 2.0*TM + TDN)/ 4.0 ELSE C *** TUP & TM < T0, TDN >= T0 *** X0 = (T0 - TM) * DZH / (TDN - TM) TAVG = 0.5 * (TUP*DZH+TM*(DZH+X0)+T0*(2.*DZH-X0)) / DZ ENDIF ELSE IF (TDN .LT. T0) THEN C *** TUP < T0, TM >= T0, TDN < T0 *** XUP = (T0-TUP) * DZH / (TM-TUP) XDN = DZH - (T0-TM) * DZH / (TDN-TM) TAVG = 0.5 * (TUP*XUP+T0*(2.*DZ-XUP-XDN)+TDN*XDN) / DZ ELSE C *** TUP < T0, TM >= T0, TDN >= T0 *** XUP = (T0-TUP) * DZH / (TM-TUP) TAVG = 0.5 * (TUP*XUP+T0*(2.*DZ-XUP)) / DZ ENDIF ENDIF ELSE IF (TM .LT. T0) THEN IF (TDN .LT. T0) THEN C *** TUP >= T0, TM < T0, TDN < T0 *** XUP = DZH - (T0-TUP) * DZH / (TM-TUP) TAVG = 0.5 * (T0*(DZ-XUP)+TM*(DZH+XUP)+TDN*DZH) / DZ ELSE C *** TUP >= T0, TM < T0, TDN >= T0 *** XUP = DZH - (T0-TUP) * DZH / (TM-TUP) XDN = (T0-TM) * DZH / (TDN-TM) TAVG = 0.5 * (T0*(2.*DZ-XUP-XDN)+TM*(XUP+XDN)) / DZ ENDIF ELSE IF (TDN .LT. T0) THEN C *** TUP >= T0, TM >= T0, TDN < T0 *** XDN = DZH - (T0-TM) * DZH / (TDN-TM) TAVG = (T0*(DZ-XDN)+0.5*(T0+TDN)*XDN) / DZ ELSE C *** TUP >= T0, TM >= T0, TDN >= T0 *** TAVG = (TUP + 2.0*TM + TDN) / 4.0 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF FREE=FRH2O(TAVG, SMC, SH2O, SMCMAX, B, PSISAT ) IF ( XH2O .LT. SH2O .AND. XH2O .LT. FREE) THEN IF ( FREE .GT. SH2O ) THEN XH2O = SH2O ELSE XH2O = FREE ENDIF ENDIF IF ( XH2O .GT. SH2O .AND. XH2O .GT. FREE ) THEN IF ( FREE .LT. SH2O ) THEN XH2O = SH2O ELSE XH2O = FREE ENDIF ENDIF IF(XH2O .LT. 0. ) XH2O=0. IF(XH2O .GT. SMC) XH2O=SMC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALCULATE SINK/SOURCE TERM AND REPLACE PREVIOUS WATER CONTENT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC SNKSRC=-DH2O*HLICE*DZ*(XH2O-SH2O)/DT SH2O=XH2O 77 RETURN END SUBROUTINE SNOPAC (ETP,ETA,PRCP,PRCP1,SNOWNG,SMC,SMCMAX,SMCWLT, & SMCREF, SMCDRY, CMC, CMCMAX, NSOIL, DT, SBETA, Q1, DF1, & Q2,T1,SFCTMP,T24,TH2,F,F1,S,STC,EPSCA,SFCPRS, c & B, PC, RCH, RR, CFACTR, SALP, ESD, & B, PC, RCH, RR, CFACTR, SNCOVER, ESD, SNDENS, + SNOWH, SH2O, SLOPE, KDT, FRZFACT, PSISAT,SNUP, & ZSOIL, DWSAT, DKSAT, TBOT, ZBOT, SHDFAC, RUNOFF1, & RUNOFF2,RUNOFF3,EDIR1,EC1,ETT1,NROOT,SNMAX,ICE, & RTDIS,QUARTZ, FXEXP,CSOIL) IMPLICIT NONE C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE SOIL MOISTURE AND HEAT FLUX VALUES & UPDATE CC ======= SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND SOIL HEAT CONTENT VALUES FOR CC THE CASE WHEN A SNOW PACK IS PRESENT. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- INTEGER ICE INTEGER NROOT INTEGER NSOIL LOGICAL SNOWNG REAL B REAL BETA REAL CFACTR REAL CMC REAL CMCMAX REAL CP REAL CPH2O REAL CPICE REAL CSOIL REAL DENOM REAL DEW REAL DF1 REAL DKSAT REAL DRIP REAL DSOIL REAL DTOT REAL DT REAL DWSAT REAL EC REAL EDIR REAL EPSCA REAL ESD REAL EXPSNO REAL EXPSOI REAL ETA REAL ETA1 REAL ETP REAL ETP1 REAL ETP2 REAL ETT REAL EX REAL EXPFAC REAL F REAL FXEXP REAL FLX1 REAL FLX2 REAL FLX3 REAL F1 REAL KDT REAL LSUBF REAL LSUBC REAL LSUBS REAL PC REAL PRCP REAL PRCP1 REAL Q1 REAL Q2 REAL RCH REAL RIB REAL RR REAL RTDIS ( NSOIL ) REAL RUNOFF REAL S REAL SBETA REAL S1 REAL SFCTMP REAL SHDFAC REAL SIGMA REAL SMC ( NSOIL ) REAL SH2O ( NSOIL ) REAL SMCDRY REAL SMCMAX REAL SMCREF REAL SMCWLT REAL SNMAX REAL SNOWH REAL STC ( NSOIL ) REAL T1 REAL T11 REAL T12 REAL T12A REAL T12B REAL T24 REAL TBOT REAL ZBOT REAL TH2 REAL YY REAL ZSOIL( NSOIL ) REAL ZZ1 C REAL TFREEZ, SALP, SFCPRS, SLOPE, FRZFACT, PSISAT, SNUP REAL RUNOFF1, RUNOFF2, RUNOFF3,RUNOXX3 REAL EDIR1, EC1, ETT1, QUARTZ REAL SNDENS, SNCOND, RSNOW, SNCOVER, QSAT, ETP3, SEH, T14 REAL CSNOW COMMON/RITE/ BETA,DRIP,EC,EDIR,ETT,FLX1,FLX2,FLX3,RUNOFF, & DEW,RIB,RUNOXX3 PARAMETER(CP=1004.5,CPH2O=4.218E+3,CPICE=2.106E+3, & LSUBF=3.335E+5,LSUBC=2.501000E+6,LSUBS=2.83E+6,SIGMA=5.67E-8) PARAMETER ( TFREEZ = 273.15) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C EXECUTABLE CODE BEGINS HERE... C CONVERT POTENTIAL EVAP (ETP) FROM KG M-2 S-1 TO M S-1 AND THEN TO AN C AMOUNT (M) GIVEN TIMESTEP (DT) AND CALL IT AN EFFECTIVE SNOWPACK C REDUCTION AMOUNT, ETP2 (M). THIS IS THE AMOUNT THE SNOWPACK WOULD BE C REDUCED DUE TO EVAPORATION FROM THE SNOW SFC DURING THE TIMESTEP. C EVAPORATION WILL PROCEED AT THE POTENTIAL RATE UNLESS THE SNOW DEPTH C IS LESS THAN THE EXPECTED SNOWPACK REDUCTION. C IF SEAICE (ICE=1), BETA REMAINS=1. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- PRCP1 = PRCP1*0.001 ETP2 = ETP * 0.001 * DT BETA = 1.0 IF(ICE .NE. 1) THEN IF (ESD .LT. ETP2) THEN BETA = ESD / ETP2 ENDIF ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C IF ETP<0 (DOWNWARD) THEN DEWFALL (=FROSTFALL IN THIS CASE). C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DEW = 0.0 IF (ETP .LT. 0.0) THEN DEW = -ETP * 0.001 ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C If precip is falling, calculate heat flux from snow sfc to newly C accumulating precip. Note that this reflects the flux appropriate for C the not-yet-updated skin temperature (T1). Assumes temperature of the C snowfall striking the gound is =SFCTMP (lowest model level air temp). C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- FLX1 = 0.0 IF ( SNOWNG ) THEN FLX1 = CPICE * PRCP * ( T1 - SFCTMP ) ELSE IF (PRCP .GT. 0.0) FLX1 = CPH2O * PRCP * (T1 - SFCTMP) ENDIF DSOIL = -(0.5 * ZSOIL(1)) DTOT = SNOWH + DSOIL C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Calculate an 'effective snow-grnd sfc temp' (T12) based on heat fluxes C between the snow pack and the soil and on net radiation. C Include FLX1 (precip-snow sfc) and FLX2 (freezing rain latent heat) C fluxes. FLX1 from above, FLX2 brought in via COMMOM block RITE. C FLX2 reflects freezing rain latent heat flux using T1 calculated in C PENMAN. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DENOM = 1.0 + DF1 / ( DTOT * RR * RCH ) T12A = ((F - FLX1 - FLX2 - SIGMA * T24) / & RCH+TH2-SFCTMP-BETA*EPSCA) / RR T12B = DF1 * STC(1) / ( DTOT * RR * RCH ) T12 = (SFCTMP + T12A + T12B ) / DENOM C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C IF THE 'EFFECTIVE SNOW-GRND SFC TEMP' IS AT OR BELOW FREEZING, NO SNOW C MELT WILL OCCUR. SET THE SKIN TEMP TO THIS EFFECTIVE TEMP AND SET THE C EFFECTIVE PRECIP TO ZERO. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- IF (T12 .LE. TFREEZ) THEN ESD = MAX(0.0, ESD-ETP2) cggg update snow depth. snowh = esd / sndens cggg T1 = T12 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Update soil heat flux (S) using new skin temperature (T1) S = DF1 * ( T1 - STC(1) ) / ( DTOT ) FLX3 = 0.0 EX = 0.0 SNMAX = 0.0 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C IF THE 'EFFECTIVE SNOW-GRND SFC TEMP' IS ABOVE FREEZING, SNOW MELT C WILL OCCUR. CALL THE SNOW MELT RATE,EX AND AMT, SNMAX. REVISE THE C EFFECTIVE SNOW DEPTH. REVISE THE SKIN TEMP BECAUSE IT WOULD HAVE CHGD C DUE TO THE LATENT HEAT RELEASED BY THE MELTING. CALC THE LATENT HEAT C RELEASED, FLX3. SET THE EFFECTIVE PRECIP, PRCP1 TO THE SNOW MELT RATE, C EX FOR USE IN SMFLX. ADJUSTMENT TO T1 TO ACCOUNT FOR SNOW PATCHES. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ELSE c IF ( (SNUP .GT. 0.0) .AND. (ESD .LT. SNUP) ) THEN c turn off this block below since SNCOVER is calculated (as SNOFAC) in C SFLX and now passed to SNOPAC c IF (ESD .LT. SNUP) THEN c RSNOW = ESD / SNUP c SNCOVER = 1.- (EXP(-SALP*RSNOW)-RSNOW*EXP(-SALP)) c ELSE c SNCOVER = 1. c ENDIF T1 = TFREEZ * SNCOVER + T12 * ( 1.0 - SNCOVER ) QSAT = (0.622*6.11E2)/(SFCPRS-0.378*6.11E2) ETP = RCH*(QSAT-Q2)/CP ETP2 = ETP*0.001*DT BETA = 1.0 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C IF POTENTIAL EVAP (SUBLIMATION) GREATER THAN DEPTH OF SNOWPACK. C BETA<1 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- IF ( ESD .LE. ETP2 ) THEN BETA = ESD / ETP2 ESD = 0.0 cggg snow pack has sublimated, set depth to zero snowh = 0.0 cggg SNMAX = 0.0 EX = 0.0 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Update soil heat flux (S) using new skin temperature (T1) S = DF1 * ( T1 - STC(1) ) / ( DTOT ) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C POTENTIAL EVAP (SUBLIMATION) LESS THAN DEPTH OF SNOWPACK, BETA=1. C SNOWPACK (ESD) REDUCED BY POT EVAP RATE C ETP3 (CONVERT TO FLUX) C UPDATE SOIL HEAT FLUX BECAUSE T1 PREVIOUSLY CHANGED. C SNOWMELT REDUCTION DEPENDING ON SNOW COVER C IF SNOW COVER LESS THAN 5% NO SNOWMELT REDUCTION C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ELSE c ESD = MAX(0.0, ESD-ETP2) ESD = ESD-ETP2 cggg snow pack reduced by sublimation, reduce snow depth snowh = esd / sndens cggg ETP3 = ETP*LSUBC S = DF1 * ( T1 - STC(1) ) / ( DTOT ) SEH = RCH*(T1-TH2) T14 = T1*T1 T14 = T14*T14 FLX3 = F - FLX1 - FLX2 - SIGMA*T14 - S - SEH - ETP3 IF(FLX3.LE.0.0) FLX3=0.0 EX = FLX3*0.001/LSUBF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Does below fail to match the melt water with the melt energy? IF ( SNCOVER .GT. 0.05) EX = EX * SNCOVER SNMAX = EX * DT ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C SNMAX.LT.ESD C ELSE C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- c IF(SNMAX.LT.ESD) THEN C The 1.E-6 value represents a snowpack depth threshold value (0.1 mm) C below which we choose not to retain any snowpack, and instead include C it in snowmelt. IF(SNMAX.LT.ESD-1.E-6) THEN ESD = ESD - SNMAX cggg snow melt reduced snow pack, reduce snow depth snowh = esd / sndens cggg ELSE EX = ESD/DT SNMAX = ESD ESD = 0.0 cggg snow melt exceeds snow depth snowh = 0.0 cggg FLX3 = EX*1000.0*LSUBF ENDIF PRCP1 = PRCP1 + EX ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C SET THE EFFECTIVE POTNL EVAPOTRANSP (ETP1) TO ZERO SINCE SNOW CASE SO C SURFACE EVAP NOT CALCULATED FROM EDIR, EC, OR ETT IN SMFLX (BELOW). C IF SEAICE (ICE=1) SKIP CALL TO SMFLX. C SMFLX RETURNS SOIL MOISTURE VALUES AND PRELIMINARY VALUES OF C EVAPOTRANSPIRATION. IN THIS, THE SNOW PACK CASE, THE PRELIM VALUES C (ETA1) ARE NOT USED IN SUBSEQUENT CALCULATION OF EVAP. C NEW STATES ADDED: SH2O, AND FROZEN GROUND CORRECTION FACTOR C EVAP EQUALS POTENTIAL EVAP UNLESS BETA<1. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ETP1 = 0.0 IF (ICE .NE. 1) THEN CALL SMFLX ( ETA1,SMC,NSOIL,CMC,ETP1,DT,PRCP1,ZSOIL, + SH2O, SLOPE, KDT, FRZFACT, & SMCMAX,B,PC,SMCWLT,DKSAT,DWSAT, & SMCREF,SHDFAC,CMCMAX,SMCDRY,CFACTR,RUNOFF1,RUNOFF2, & RUNOFF3, EDIR1, EC1, ETT1,SFCTMP,Q2,NROOT,RTDIS, & FXEXP) ENDIF ETA = BETA*ETP C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C THE 'ADJUSTED TOP SOIL LYR TEMP' (YY) AND THE ADJUSTED SOIL HEAT C FLUX (ZZ1) ARE SET TO THE TOP SOIL LYR TEMP, AND 1, RESPECTIVELY. C THESE ARE CLOSE-ENOUGH APPROXIMATIONS BECAUSE THE SFC HEAT FLUX TO BE C COMPUTED IN SHFLX WILL EFFECTIVELY BE THE FLUX AT THE SNOW TOP C SURFACE. T11 IS A DUMMY ARGUEMENT SINCE WE WILL NOT USE ITS VALUE AS C REVISED BY SHFLX. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ZZ1 = 1.0 YY = STC(1)-0.5*S*ZSOIL(1)*ZZ1/DF1 T11 = T1 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C SHFLX WILL CALC/UPDATE THE SOIL TEMPS. NOTE: THE SUB-SFC HEAT FLUX C (S1) AND THE SKIN TEMP (T11) OUTPUT FROM THIS SHFLX CALL ARE NOT USED C IN ANY SUBSEQUENT CALCULATIONS. RATHER, THEY ARE DUMMY VARIABLES HERE C IN THE SNOPAC CASE, SINCE THE SKIN TEMP AND SUB-SFC HEAT FLUX ARE C UPDATED INSTEAD NEAR THE BEGINNING OF THE CALL TO SNOPAC. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CALL SHFLX(S1,STC,SMC,SMCMAX,NSOIL,T11,DT,YY,ZZ1,ZSOIL,TBOT, + ZBOT, SMCWLT, PSISAT, SH2O, & B,F1,DF1,ICE, & QUARTZ,CSOIL) C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C SNOW DEPTH AND DENSITY ADJUSTMENT BASED ON SNOW COMPACTION. C YY is assumed to be the soil temperture at the top of the soil column. C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- IF (ESD .GT. 0.) THEN C --- debug ------------------------------------------------------------ c write(6,*) 'SNOPAC1:ESD,SNOWH,SNDENS=',ESD,SNOWH,SNDENS C --- debug ------------------------------------------------------------ CALL SNOWPACK(ESD,DT,SNOWH,SNDENS,T1,YY) C --- debug ------------------------------------------------------------ c SNDENS = 0.2 c SNOWH = ESD/SNDENS C --- debug ------------------------------------------------------------ C --- debug ------------------------------------------------------------ c write(6,*) 'SNOPAC2:ESD,SNOWH,SNDENS=',ESD,SNOWH,SNDENS C --- debug ------------------------------------------------------------ ELSE ESD = 0. SNOWH = 0. SNDENS = 0. SNCOND = 1. ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RETURN END SUBROUTINE SNOWPACK ( W,DTS,HC,DS,TSNOW,TSOIL ) IMPLICIT NONE C ############################################################## C ## SUBROUTINE TO CALCULATE COMPACTION OF SNOWPACK UNDER ### C ## CONDITIONS OF INCREASING SNOW DENSITY, AS OBTAINED ### C FROM AN APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF E. ANDERSONS DIFFERENTIAL ### C EQUATION (3.29), NOAA TECHNICAL REPORT NWS 19, ### C BY VICTOR KOREN 03/25/95 ### C ############################################################## C ############################################################## C W IS A WATER EQUIVALENT OF SNOW, IN M ### C DTS IS A TIME STEP, IN SEC ### C HC IS A SNOW DEPTH, IN M ### C DS IS A SNOW DENSITY, IN G/CM3 ### C TSNOW IS A SNOW SURFACE TEMPERATURE, K ### C TSOIL IS A SOIL SURFACE TEMPERATURE, K ### C SUBROUTINE WILL RETURN NEW VALUES OF H AND DS ### C ############################################################## INTEGER IPOL INTEGER J REAL C1, C2, HC, W, DTS, DS, TSNOW, TSOIL, H, WX REAL DT, TSNOWX, TSOILX, TAVG, B, DSX, DW REAL PEXP REAL WXX PARAMETER (C1=0.01, C2=21.0) C ## CONVERSION INTO SIMULATION UNITS ######################### H=HC*100. WX=W*100. DT=DTS/3600. TSNOWX=TSNOW-273.15 TSOILX=TSOIL-273.15 C ## CALCULATING OF AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF SNOW PACK ### TAVG=0.5*(TSNOWX+TSOILX) C ## CALCULATING OF SNOW DEPTH AND DENSITY AS A RESULT OF COMPACTION C DS=DS0*(EXP(B*W)-1.)/(B*W) C B=DT*C1*EXP(0.08*TAVG-C2*DS0) C NOTE: B*W IN DS EQN ABOVE HAS TO BE CAREFULLY TREATED C NUMERICALLY BELOW C ## C1 IS THE FRACTIONAL INCREASE IN DENSITY (1/(CM*HR)) C ## C2 IS A CONSTANT (CM3/G) KOJIMA ESTIMATED AS 21 CMS/G IF(WX .GT. 1.E-2) THEN WXX = WX ELSE WXX = 1.E-2 ENDIF B=DT*C1*EXP(0.08*TAVG-C2*DS) C.........DSX=DS*((DEXP(B*WX)-1.)/(B*WX)) C-------------------------------------------------------------------- C The function of the form (e**x-1)/x imbedded in above expression C for DSX was causing numerical difficulties when the denominator "x" C (i.e. B*WX) became zero or approached zero (despite the fact that C the analytical function (e**x-1)/x has a well defined limit as C "x" approaches zero), hence below we replace the (e**x-1)/x C expression with an equivalent, numerically well-behaved C polynomial expansion. C C Number of terms of polynomial expansion, and hence its accuracy, C is governed by iteration limit "ipol". C ipol greater than 9 only makes a difference on double C precision (relative errors given in percent %). C ipol=9, for rel.error <~ 1.6 e-6 % (8 significant digits) C ipol=8, for rel.error <~ 1.8 e-5 % (7 significant digits) C ipol=7, for rel.error <~ 1.8 e-4 % ... ipol = 4 PEXP = 0. do j = ipol,1,-1 c PEXP = (1. + PEXP)*B*WX/real(j+1) PEXP = (1. + PEXP)*B*WXX/real(j+1) end do PEXP = PEXP + 1. C DSX=DS*(PEXP) C above line ends polynomial substitution IF(DSX .GT. 0.40) DSX=0.40 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C mbek - April 2001 C Set lower limit on snow density, rather than just previous value. c IF(DSX .LT. 0.05) DSX=DS IF(DSX .LT. 0.05) DSX=0.05 DS=DSX C ## UPDATE OF SNOW DEPTH AND DENSITY DEPENDING ON LIQUID WATER C ## DURING SNOWMELT. ASSUMED THAT 13% OF LIQUID WATER CAN BE STORED C ## IN SNOW PER DAY DURING SNOWMELT TILL SNOW DENSITY 0.40 c IF((TSNOWX .GE. 0.) .AND. (H .NE. 0.)) THEN IF (TSNOWX .GE. 0.) THEN DW=0.13*DT/24. DS=DS*(1.-DW)+DW IF(DS .GT. 0.40) DS=0.40 ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Calculate snow depth (cm) from snow water equivalent and snow density. H=WX/DS C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C Change snow depth units to meters HC=H*0.01 RETURN END SUBROUTINE SNOW_NEW ( T,P,HC,DS ) IMPLICIT NONE C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CALCULATING SNOW DEPTH AND DENSITITY TO ACCOUNT FOR THE NEW SNOWFALL C T - AIR TEMPERATURE, K C P - NEW SNOWFALL, M C HC - SNOW DEPTH, M C DS - SNOW DENSITY C NEW VALUES OF SNOW DEPTH & DENSITY WILL BE RETURNED REAL HC REAL T REAL P REAL DS REAL H REAL PX REAL TX REAL DS0 REAL HNEW c REAL ESD C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CONVERSION INTO SIMULATION UNITS H=HC*100. PX=P*100. TX=T-273.15 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C CALCULATING NEW SNOWFALL DENSITY DEPENDING ON TEMPERATURE C EQUATION FROM GOTTLIB L. 'A GENERAL RUNOFF MODEL FOR SNOWCOVERED' C 'AND GLACIERIZED BASIN', 6TH NORDIC HYDROLOGICAL CONFERENCE, C VEMADOLEN, SWEDEN, 1980, 172-177PP. C----------------------------------------------------------------------- IF(TX .LE. -15.) THEN DS0=0.05 ELSE DS0=0.05+0.0017*(TX+15.)**1.5 ENDIF C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C ADJUSTMENT OF SNOW DENSITY DEPENDING ON NEW SNOWFALL HNEW=PX/DS0 DS=(H*DS+HNEW*DS0)/(H+HNEW) H=H+HNEW HC=H*0.01 C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RETURN END SUBROUTINE SRT (RHSTT,RUNOFF,EDIR,ET,SH2O,SH2OA,NSOIL,PCPDRP, & ZSOIL,DWSAT,DKSAT,SMCMAX,B, RUNOFF1, + RUNOFF2,DT,SMCWLT,SLOPE,KDT,FRZX,SICE) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE TIME TENDENCY CC ======= TERM OF THE SOIL WATER DIFFUSION EQUATION. ALSO TO CC COMPUTE ( PREPARE ) THE MATRIX COEFFICIENTS FOR THE CC TRI-DIAGONAL MATRIX OF THE IMPLICIT TIME SCHEME. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER NSOLD PARAMETER ( NSOLD = 20 ) INTEGER CVFRZ INTEGER IALP1 INTEGER IOHINF INTEGER J INTEGER JJ INTEGER K INTEGER KS INTEGER NSOIL REAL AI ( NSOLD ) REAL B REAL BI ( NSOLD ) REAL CI ( NSOLD ) REAL DMAX ( NSOLD ) REAL DDZ REAL DDZ2 REAL DENOM REAL DENOM2 REAL DKSAT REAL DSMDZ REAL DSMDZ2 REAL DWSAT REAL EDIR REAL ET ( NSOIL ) REAL INFMAX REAL KDT REAL MXSMC REAL MXSMC2 REAL NUMER REAL PCPDRP REAL PDDUM REAL RHSTT ( NSOIL ) REAL RUNOFF REAL SH2O ( NSOIL ) REAL SH2OA ( NSOIL ) REAL SICE ( NSOIL ) REAL SICEMAX REAL SMCMAX REAL WCND REAL WCND2 REAL WDF REAL WDF2 REAL ZSOIL ( NSOIL ) REAL RUNOFF1, RUNOFF2, DT, SMCWLT, SLOPE, FRZX, DT1 REAL SMCAV, DICE, DD, VAL, DDT, PX, FCR, ACRT, SUM REAL SSTT, SLOPX C COMMON /ABCI/ AI, BI, CI C ----------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION ------------------------- C REFERENCE FROZEN GROUND PARAMETER, CVFRZ, IS A SHAPE PARAMETER OF C AREAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF SOIL ICE CONTENT WHICH EQUALS 1/CV. C CV IS A COEFFICIENT OF SPATIAL VARIATION OF SOIL ICE CONTENT. C BASED ON FIELD DATA CV DEPENDS ON AREAL MEAN OF FROZEN DEPTH, AND IT C CLOSE TO CONSTANT = 0.6 IF AREAL MEAN FROZEN DEPTH IS ABOVE 20 CM. C THAT IS WHY PARAMETER CVFRZ = 3 (INT{1/0.6*0.6}) C C Current logic doesnt allow CVFRZ be bigger than 3 PARAMETER ( CVFRZ = 3 ) C ------------------------------------------------------------------ C PRINT*,'in SRT, Declaration -----------------------' C PRINT*,'NSOIL=' , NSOIL C PRINT*,'NSOLD=' , NSOLD CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C DETERMINE RAINFALL INFILTRATION RATE AND RUNOFF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C ##INCLUDE THE INFILTRATION FORMULE FROM SCHAAKE AND KOREN MODEL C CC MODIFIED BY Q DUAN CC IOHINF=1 C Let SICEMAX be the greatest, if any, frozen water content within c soil layers. SICEMAX = 0.0 DO KS=1,NSOIL IF (SICE(KS) .GT. SICEMAX) SICEMAX = SICE(KS) END DO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C DETERMINE RAINFALL INFILTRATION RATE AND RUNOFF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PDDUM = PCPDRP RUNOFF1 = 0.0 IF ( PCPDRP .NE. 0.0 ) THEN CC++ MODIFIED BY Q. DUAN, 5/16/94 C IF (IOHINF .EQ. 1) THEN DT1 = DT/86400. SMCAV = SMCMAX - SMCWLT DMAX(1)=-ZSOIL(1)*SMCAV C ----------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION ------------------------ C DICE = -ZSOIL(1) * SICE(1) C------------------------------------------------------------------- DMAX(1)=DMAX(1)*(1.0 - (SH2OA(1)+SICE(1)-SMCWLT)/SMCAV) DD=DMAX(1) DO KS=2,NSOIL C ----------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION ------------------------ C DICE = DICE + ( ZSOIL(KS-1) - ZSOIL(KS) ) * SICE(KS) C------------------------------------------------------------------- DMAX(KS)=(ZSOIL(KS-1)-ZSOIL(KS))*SMCAV DMAX(KS)=DMAX(KS)*(1.0 - (SH2OA(KS)+SICE(KS)-SMCWLT)/SMCAV) DD=DD+DMAX(KS) END DO CC .....VAL = (1.-EXP(-KDT*SQRT(DT1))) C IN BELOW, REMOVE THE SQRT IN ABOVE VAL = (1.-EXP(-KDT*DT1)) DDT = DD*VAL PX = PCPDRP*DT IF(PX.LT.0.0) PX = 0.0 INFMAX = (PX*(DDT/(PX+DDT)))/DT C ----------- FROZEN GROUND VERSION -------------------------- C REDUCTION OF INFILTRATION BASED ON FROZEN GROUND PARAMETERS C FCR = 1. IF ( DICE .GT. 1.E-2) THEN ACRT = CVFRZ * FRZX / DICE SUM = 1. IALP1 = CVFRZ - 1 DO J = 1,IALP1 K = 1 DO JJ = J+1, IALP1 K = K * JJ END DO SUM = SUM + (ACRT ** ( CVFRZ-J)) / FLOAT (K) END DO FCR = 1. - EXP(-ACRT) * SUM END IF INFMAX = INFMAX * FCR C ------------------------------------------------------------------- C ############ CORRECTION OF INFILTRATION LIMITATION ########## C IF INFMAX .LE. HYDROLIC CONDUCTIVITY ASSIGN INFMAX THE C VALUE OF HYDROLIC CONDUCTIVITY C C MXSMC = MAX ( SH2OA(1), SH2OA(2) ) MXSMC = SH2OA(1) C PRINT*,'SRT, BEFORE WDFCND - 1 ------------------------------' C PRINT*,'MXSMC,SMCMAX=' , MXSMC,SMCMAX C PRINT*,'B,DKSAT,DWSAT=' , B,DKSAT,DWSAT CALL WDFCND ( WDF,WCND,MXSMC,SMCMAX,B,DKSAT,DWSAT, & SICEMAX ) INFMAX = MAX(INFMAX, WCND) INFMAX= MIN(INFMAX,PX) C PRINT*,'SRT, AFTER WDFCND - 1 ------------------------------' C PRINT*,'WDF,WCND=' , WDF,WCND C PRINT*,'MXSMC,SMCMAX=' , MXSMC,SMCMAX C PRINT*,'B,DKSAT,DWSAT=' , B,DKSAT,DWSAT C IF ( PCPDRP .GT. INFMAX ) THEN RUNOFF1 = PCPDRP - INFMAX PDDUM = INFMAX END IF END IF C C TO AVOID SPURIOUS DRAINAGE BEHAVIOR IDENTIFIED BY P. GRUNMANN, C FORMER APPROACH IN LINE BELOW REPLACED WITH NEW APPROACH IN 2ND LINE C...MXSMC = MAX( SH2OA(1), SH2OA(2) ) MXSMC = SH2OA(1) C PRINT*,'SRT, BEFORE WDFCND - 2' C PRINT*,'MXSMC,SMCMAX=' , MXSMC,SMCMAX C PRINT*,'B,DKSAT,DWSAT=' , B,DKSAT,DWSAT CALL WDFCND ( WDF,WCND,MXSMC,SMCMAX,B,DKSAT,DWSAT, &SICEMAX ) C PRINT*,'SRT, AFTER WDFCND - 2' C PRINT*,'WDF,WCND=' , WDF,WCND C PRINT*,'MXSMC,SMCMAX=' , MXSMC,SMCMAX C PRINT*,'B,DKSAT,DWSAT=' , B,DKSAT,DWSAT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE MATRIX COEFFICIENTS AI, BI, AND CI FOR THE TOP LAYER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDZ = 1. / ( -.5 * ZSOIL(2) ) AI(1) = 0.0 BI(1) = WDF * DDZ / ( -ZSOIL(1) ) CI(1) = -BI(1) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC RHSTT FOR THE TOP LAYER AFTER CALCING THE VERTICAL SOIL C MOISTURE GRADIENT BTWN THE TOP AND NEXT TO TOP LAYERS. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DSMDZ = ( SH2O(1) - SH2O(2) ) / ( -.5 * ZSOIL(2) ) RHSTT(1) = (WDF * DSMDZ + WCND - PDDUM + EDIR + ET(1))/ZSOIL(1) SSTT = WDF * DSMDZ + WCND + EDIR + ET(1) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C INITIALIZE DDZ2 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDZ2 = 0.0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C LOOP THRU THE REMAINING SOIL LAYERS, REPEATING THE ABV PROCESS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 2 , NSOIL DENOM2 = ( ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K) ) IF ( K .NE. NSOIL ) THEN SLOPX = 1. C C AGAIN, TO AVOID SPURIOUS DRAINAGE BEHAVIOR IDENTIFIED BY P. GRUNMANN, C FORMER APPROACH IN LINE BELOW REPLACED WITH NEW APPROACH IN 2ND LINE C....MXSMC2 = MAX ( SH2OA(K), SH2OA(K+1) ) MXSMC2 = SH2OA(K) C PRINT*,'SRT, BEFORE WDFCND - 3' C PRINT*,'MXSMC2,SMCMAX=' , MXSMC2,SMCMAX C PRINT*,'B,DKSAT,DWSAT=' , B,DKSAT,DWSAT C PRINT*,'K=' , K CALL WDFCND ( WDF2,WCND2,MXSMC2,SMCMAX,B,DKSAT,DWSAT, & SICEMAX ) C PRINT*,'SRT, AFTER WDFCND - 3' C PRINT*,'WDF2,WCND2=' , WDF2,WCND2 C PRINT*,'MXSMC2,SMCMAX=' , MXSMC2,SMCMAX C PRINT*,'B,DKSAT,DWSAT=' , B,DKSAT,DWSAT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC SOME PARTIAL PRODUCTS FOR LATER USE IN CALCNG RHSTT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DENOM = ( ZSOIL(K-1) - ZSOIL(K+1) ) DSMDZ2 = ( SH2O(K) - SH2O(K+1) ) / ( DENOM * 0.5 ) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE MATRIX COEF, CI, AFTER CALCNG ITS PARTIAL PRODUCT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDZ2 = 2.0 / DENOM CI(K) = -WDF2 * DDZ2 / DENOM2 ELSE C SLOPE OF BOTTOM LAYER IS INTRODUCED ############ C SLOPX = SLOPE C-------------------------------------------------------- CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C RETRIEVE THE SOIL WATER DIFFUSIVITY AND HYDRAULIC C CONDUCTIVITY FOR THIS LAYER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C PRINT*,'SRT, BEFORE WDFCND - 4' C PRINT*,'SH2OA(NSOIL),SMCMAX=' , SH2OA(NSOIL),SMCMAX C PRINT*,'B,DKSAT,DWSAT=' , B,DKSAT,DWSAT C PRINT*,'K=' , K CALL WDFCND ( WDF2,WCND2,SH2OA(NSOIL),SMCMAX, & B,DKSAT,DWSAT,SICEMAX ) C PRINT*,'SRT, AFTER WDFCND - 4' C PRINT*,'WDF2,WCND2=' , WDF2,WCND2 C PRINT*,'SH2OA(NSOIL),SMCMAX=' , SH2OA(NSOIL),SMCMAX C PRINT*,'B,DKSAT,DWSAT=' , B,DKSAT,DWSAT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC A PARTIAL PRODUCT FOR LATER USE IN CALCNG RHSTT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DSMDZ2 = 0.0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C SET MATRIX COEF CI TO ZERO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CI(K) = 0.0 END IF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC RHSTT FOR THIS LAYER AFTER CALCNG ITS NUMERATOR CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NUMER = (WDF2 * DSMDZ2) + SLOPX * WCND2 - (WDF * DSMDZ) + - WCND + ET(K) RHSTT(K) = NUMER / (-DENOM2) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC MATRIX COEFS, AI, AND BI FOR THIS LAYER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC AI(K) = -WDF * DDZ / DENOM2 BI(K) = -( AI(K) + CI(K) ) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C RESET VALUES OF WDF, WCND, DSMDZ, AND DDZ FOR LOOP TO NEXT LYR CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF(K.EQ.NSOIL) THEN C############### RUNOFF2: GROUND WATER RUNOFF ########### RUNOFF2 = SLOPX * WCND2 ENDIF IF ( K .NE. NSOIL ) THEN WDF = WDF2 WCND = WCND2 DSMDZ = DSMDZ2 DDZ = DDZ2 END IF END DO C PRINT*,'SRT, final Runoff' C PRINT*,'RUNOFF1=' , RUNOFF1 C PRINT*,'RUNOFF2=' , RUNOFF2 RETURN END SUBROUTINE SSTEP ( SH2OOUT, SH2OIN, CMC, RHSTT, RHSCT, DT, & NSOIL, SMCMAX, CMCMAX, RUNOFF3, ZSOIL,SMC,SICE ) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE/UPDATE THE SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT VALUES CC ======= AND THE CANOPY MOISTURE CONTENT VALUES. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER NSOLD PARAMETER ( NSOLD = 20 ) C INTEGER I INTEGER K INTEGER KK11 INTEGER NSOIL REAL AI ( NSOLD ) REAL BI ( NSOLD ) REAL CI ( NSOLD ) REAL CIin ( NSOLD ) REAL CMC REAL CMCMAX REAL DT REAL RHSCT REAL RHSTT ( NSOIL ) REAL RHSTTin ( NSOIL ) REAL SH2OIN ( NSOIL ) REAL SH2OOUT ( NSOIL ) REAL SICE ( NSOIL ) REAL SMC ( NSOIL ) REAL SMCMAX REAL ZSOIL(NSOIL) REAL RUNOFF3, RUNOFS, WPLUS, DDZ, STOT, WFREE, DPLUS C COMMON /ABCI/ AI, BI, CI CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CREATE 'AMOUNT' VALUES OF VARIABLES TO BE INPUT TO THE C TRI-DIAGONAL MATRIX ROUTINE. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 1 , NSOIL RHSTT(K) = RHSTT(K) * DT AI(K) = AI(K) * DT BI(K) = 1. + BI(K) * DT CI(K) = CI(K) * DT END DO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C COPY VALUES FOR INPUT VARIABLES BEFORE CALL TO ROSR12 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 1 , NSOIL RHSTTin(K) = RHSTT(K) END DO DO K = 1 , NSOLD CIin(K) = CI(K) END DO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALL ROSR12 TO SOLVE THE TRI-DIAGONAL MATRIX CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CALL ROSR12 ( CI, AI, BI, CIin, RHSTTin, RHSTT, NSOIL ) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C SUM THE PREVIOUS SMC VALUE AND THE MATRIX SOLUTION TO GET A C NEW VALUE. MIN ALLOWABLE VALUE OF SMC WILL BE 0.02. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C ################## RUNOFF3: Runoff within soil layers ####### RUNOFS = 0.0 WPLUS = 0.0 RUNOFF3 = 0. DDZ = - ZSOIL(1) DO K = 1 , NSOIL IF ( K .NE. 1 ) DDZ = ZSOIL(K - 1) - ZSOIL(K) SH2OOUT(K) = SH2OIN(K) + CI(K) + WPLUS / DDZ C PRINT*,'IN sstep' C PRINT*,'SH2OOUT=', SH2OOUT STOT = SH2OOUT(K) + SICE(K) IF ( STOT .GT. SMCMAX ) THEN IF ( K .EQ. 1 ) THEN DDZ = -ZSOIL(1) ELSE KK11 = K - 1 DDZ = -ZSOIL(K) + ZSOIL(KK11) END IF WPLUS = ( STOT - SMCMAX ) * DDZ ELSE WPLUS = 0. END IF SMC(K) = MAX ( MIN( STOT, SMCMAX ), 0.02 ) SH2OOUT(K) = MAX ( (SMC(K) - SICE(K)), 0.0 ) END DO C ### V. KOREN 9/01/98 ###### C WATER BALANCE CHECKING UPWARD IF(WPLUS .GT. 0.) THEN DO I=NSOIL-1,1,-1 IF(I .EQ. 1) THEN DDZ=-ZSOIL(1) ELSE DDZ=-ZSOIL(I)+ZSOIL(I-1) ENDIF WFREE=(SMCMAX-SH2OOUT(I)-SICE(I))*DDZ DPLUS=WFREE-WPLUS IF(DPLUS .GE. 0.) THEN SH2OOUT(I)=SH2OOUT(I)+WPLUS/DDZ SMC(I)=SH2OOUT(I)+SICE(I) WPLUS=0. ELSE SH2OOUT(I)=SH2OOUT(I)+WFREE/DDZ SMC(I)=SH2OOUT(I)+SICE(I) WPLUS=-DPLUS ENDIF END DO 30 RUNOFF3=WPLUS ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C UPDATE CANOPY WATER CONTENT/INTERCEPTION (CMC). CONVERT RHSCT TO C AN 'AMOUNT' VALUE AND ADD TO PREVIOUS CMC VALUE TO GET NEW CMC. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CMC = CMC + DT * RHSCT IF (CMC .LT. 1.E-20) CMC=0.0 CMC = MIN(CMC,CMCMAX) RETURN END SUBROUTINE TBND (TU, TB, ZSOIL, ZBOT, K, NSOIL, TBND1) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: CALCULATE TEMPERATURE ON THE BOUNDARY OF THE LAYER CC ======= BY INTERPOLATION OF THE MIDDLE LAYER TEMPERATURES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER NSOIL INTEGER K REAL TBND1 REAL T0 REAL TU REAL TB REAL ZB REAL ZBOT REAL ZUP REAL ZSOIL (NSOIL) PARAMETER (T0=273.15) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC USE SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON THE TOP OF THE FIRST LAYER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF(K .EQ. 1) THEN ZUP=0. ELSE ZUP=ZSOIL(K-1) ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC USE DEPTH OF THE CONSTANT BOTTOM TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERPOLATE CC TEMPERATURE INTO THE LAST LAYER BOUNDARY CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IF(K .EQ. NSOIL) THEN ZB=2.*ZBOT-ZSOIL(K) ELSE ZB=ZSOIL(K+1) ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC LINEAR INTERPOLATION BETWEEN THE AVERAGE LAYER TEMPERATURES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC TBND1 = TU+(TB-TU)*(ZUP-ZSOIL(K))/(ZUP-ZB) RETURN END SUBROUTINE TDFCND ( DF, SMC, Q, SMCMAX, SH2O) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY AND CONDUCTIVITY OF CC ======= THE SOIL FOR A GIVEN POINT AND TIME. CC CC VERSION: PETERS-LIDARD APPROACH (PETERS-LIDARD et al., 1998) CC ======= CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REAL DF REAL GAMMD REAL THKDRY REAL AKE REAL THKICE REAL THKO REAL THKQTZ REAL THKSAT REAL THKS REAL THKW REAL Q REAL SATRATIO REAL SH2O REAL SMC REAL SMCMAX REAL XU REAL XUNFROZ C WE NOW GET QUARTZ AS AN INPUT ARGUMENT (SET IN ROUTINE REDPRM): C DATA QUARTZ /0.82, 0.10, 0.25, 0.60, 0.52, C & 0.35, 0.60, 0.40, 0.82/ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C IF THE SOIL HAS ANY MOISTURE CONTENT COMPUTE A PARTIAL SUM/PRODUCT C OTHERWISE USE A CONSTANT VALUE WHICH WORKS WELL WITH MOST SOILS CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C C THKW ......WATER THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY C THKQTZ ....THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR QUARTZ C THKO ......THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR OTHER SOIL COMPONENTS C THKS ......THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR THE SOLIDS COMBINED(QUARTZ+OTHER) C THKICE ....ICE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY C SMCMAX ....POROSITY (= SMCMAX) C Q .........QUARTZ CONTENT (SOIL TYPE DEPENDENT) C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C USE AS IN PETERS-LIDARD, 1998 (MODIF. FROM JOHANSEN, 1975). C C PABLO GRUNMANN, 08/17/98 C REFS.: C FAROUKI, O.T.,1986: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS. SERIES ON ROCK C AND SOIL MECHANICS, VOL. 11, TRANS TECH, 136 PP. C JOHANSEN, O., 1975: THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOILS. PH.D. THESIS, C UNIVERSITY OF TRONDHEIM, C PETERS-LIDARD, C. D., ET AL., 1998: THE EFFECT OF SOIL THERMAL C CONDUCTIVITY PARAMETERIZATION ON SURFACE ENERGY FLUXES C AND TEMPERATURES. JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, C VOL. 55, PP. 1209-1224. C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C NEEDS PARAMETERS C POROSITY(SOIL TYPE): C POROS = SMCMAX C SATURATION RATIO: SATRATIO = SMC/SMCMAX C print *, 'SATRATIO=',SATRATIO C PARAMETERS W/(M.K) THKICE = 2.2 THKW = 0.57 THKO = 2.0 C IF (Q .LE. 0.2) THKO = 3.0 THKQTZ = 7.7 C SOLIDS CONDUCTIVITY THKS = (THKQTZ**Q)*(THKO**(1.- Q)) C print *, 'THKS = ',THKS C UNFROZEN FRACTION (FROM 1.0, I.E., 100%LIQUID, TO 0.0 (100% FROZEN)) XUNFROZ=(SH2O + 1.E-9)/(SMC + 1.E-9) C print *, ' ' C print *, 'XUNFROZ = ',XUNFROZ C print *, ' ' C UNFROZEN VOLUME FOR SATURATION (POROSITY*XUNFROZ) XU=XUNFROZ*SMCMAX C SATURATED THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY THKSAT = THKS**(1.-SMCMAX)*THKICE**(SMCMAX-XU)*THKW**(XU) C print *, 'THKSAT = ',THKSAT C DRY DENSITY IN KG/M3 GAMMD = (1. - SMCMAX)*2700. C print *, 'GAMMD = ',GAMMD C DRY THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY IN W.M-1.K-1 THKDRY = (0.135*GAMMD + 64.7)/(2700. - 0.947*GAMMD) C print *, 'THKDRY = ',THKDRY C RANGE OF VALIDITY FOR THE KERSTEN NUMBER IF ( SATRATIO .GT. 0.1 ) THEN C KERSTEN NUMBER (FINE FORMULA, AT LEAST 5% OF PARTICLES<(2.E-6)M) IF ( (XUNFROZ + 0.0005) .LT. SMC ) THEN C FROZEN AKE = SATRATIO ELSE C UNFROZEN AKE = LOG10(SATRATIO) + 1.0 ENDIF ELSE C USE K = KDRY AKE = 0.0 C print *, 'AKE (ELSE) = ',AKE ENDIF C THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY DF = AKE*(THKSAT - THKDRY) + THKDRY RETURN END SUBROUTINE TRANSP (ET,NSOIL,ETP1,SMC,CMC,ZSOIL,SHDFAC,SMCWLT, & CMCMAX,PC,CFACTR,SMCREF,SFCTMP,Q2,NROOT,RTDIS) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE TRANSPIRATION FROM THE VEGTYP FOR THIS PT. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC INTEGER I INTEGER K INTEGER NSOIL INTEGER NROOT REAL CFACTR REAL CMC REAL CMCMAX REAL ET ( NSOIL ) REAL ETP1 REAL ETP1A REAL GX (7) C.....REAL PART ( NSOIL ) REAL PC REAL RTDIS ( NSOIL ) REAL SHDFAC REAL SMC ( NSOIL ) REAL SMCREF REAL SMCWLT REAL ZSOIL ( NSOIL ) REAL SFCTMP, Q2, SGX, DENOM, RTX CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C INITIALIZE PLANT TRANSP TO ZERO FOR ALL SOIL LAYERS. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DO K = 1, NSOIL ET(K) = 0. END DO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC AN 'ADJUSTED' POTNTL TRANSPIRATION CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ccc If statements to avoid TANGENT LINEAR problems near zero IF (CMC .NE. 0.0) THEN ETP1A = SHDFAC * PC * ETP1 * (1.0 - (CMC /CMCMAX) ** CFACTR) ELSE ETP1A = SHDFAC * PC * ETP1 ENDIF SGX = 0.0 DO I = 1, NROOT GX(I) = ( SMC(I) - SMCWLT ) / ( SMCREF - SMCWLT ) GX(I) = MAX ( MIN ( GX(I), 1. ), 0. ) SGX = SGX + GX (I) END DO SGX = SGX / NROOT DENOM = 0. DO I = 1,NROOT RTX = RTDIS(I) + GX(I) - SGX GX(I) = GX(I) * MAX ( RTX, 0. ) DENOM = DENOM + GX(I) END DO IF ( DENOM .LE. 0.0) DENOM = 1. DO I = 1, NROOT ET(I) = ETP1A * GX(I) / DENOM END DO C ABOVE CODE ASSUMES A VERTICALLY UNIFORM ROOT DISTRIBUTION C C CODE BELOW TESTS A VARIABLE ROOT DISTRIBUTION C C ET(1) = ( ZSOIL(1) / ZSOIL(NROOT) ) * GX * ETP1A C ET(1) = ( ZSOIL(1) / ZSOIL(NROOT) ) * ETP1A C C ### USING ROOT DISTRIBUTION AS WEIGHTING FACTOR C ET(1) = RTDIS(1) * ETP1A C ET(1) = ETP1A*PART(1) CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C LOOP DOWN THRU THE SOIL LAYERS REPEATING THE OPERATION ABOVE, C BUT USING THE THICKNESS OF THE SOIL LAYER (RATHER THAN THE C ABSOLUTE DEPTH OF EACH LAYER) IN THE FINAL CALCULATION. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C DO 10 K = 2, NROOT C GX = ( SMC(K) - SMCWLT ) / ( SMCREF - SMCWLT ) C GX = MAX ( MIN ( GX, 1. ), 0. ) C TEST CANOPY RESISTANCE C GX = 1.0 C ET(K) = ((ZSOIL(K)-ZSOIL(K-1))/ZSOIL(NROOT))*GX*ETP1A C ET(K) = ((ZSOIL(K)-ZSOIL(K-1))/ZSOIL(NROOT))*ETP1A C### USING ROOT DISTRIBUTION AS WEIGHTING FACTOR C ET(K) = RTDIS(K) * ETP1A C ET(K) = ETP1A*PART(K) C 10 CONTINUE RETURN END SUBROUTINE WDFCND ( WDF,WCND,SMC,SMCMAX,B,DKSAT,DWSAT, & SICEMAX ) IMPLICIT NONE CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC PURPOSE: TO CALCULATE SOIL WATER DIFFUSIVITY AND SOIL CC ======= HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REAL B REAL DKSAT REAL DWSAT REAL EXPON REAL FACTR1 REAL FACTR2 REAL SICEMAX REAL SMC REAL SMCMAX REAL VKwgt REAL WCND REAL WDF C PRINT*,'------------ in WDFCND -------------------------------' C PRINT*,'BEFORE WDFCND' C PRINT*,'B=',B C PRINT*,'DKSAT=',DKSAT C PRINT*,'DWSAT=',DWSAT C PRINT*,'EXPON=',EXPON C PRINT*,'FACTR2=',FACTR2 C PRINT*,'SMC=',SMC C PRINT*,'SMCMAX=',SMCMAX C PRINT*,'WCND=',WCND C PRINT*,'WDF=',WDF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CALC THE RATIO OF THE ACTUAL TO THE MAX PSBL SOIL H2O CONTENT CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC SMC = SMC SMCMAX = SMCMAX FACTR1 = 0.2 / SMCMAX FACTR2 = SMC / SMCMAX CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C PREP AN EXPNTL COEF AND CALC THE SOIL WATER DIFFUSIVITY CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC EXPON = B + 2.0 WDF = DWSAT * FACTR2 ** EXPON C FROZEN SOIL HYDRAULIC DIFFUSIVITY. VERY SENSITIVE TO THE VERTICAL C GRADIENT OF UNFROZEN WATER. THE LATTER GRADIENT CAN BECOME VERY C EXTREME IN FREEZING/THAWING SITUATIONS, AND GIVEN THE RELATIVELY C FEW AND THICK SOIL LAYERS, THIS GRADIENT SUFFERES SERIOUS C TRUNCTION ERRORS YIELDING ERRONEOUSLY HIGH VERTICAL TRANSPORTS OF C UNFROZEN WATER IN BOTH DIRECTIONS FROM HUGE HYDRAULIC DIFFUSIVITY. C THEREFORE, WE FOUND WE HAD TO ARBITRARILY CONSTRAIN WDF C C version D_10cm: ........ FACTR1 = 0.2/SMCMAX C Weighted approach...................... Pablo Grunmann, 09/28/99. IF (SICEMAX .GT. 0.0) THEN VKwgt=1./(1.+(500.*SICEMAX)**3.) WDF = VKwgt*WDF + (1.- VKwgt)*DWSAT*FACTR1**EXPON C PRINT*,'______________________________________________' C PRINT*,'Weighted approach:' C PRINT*,' SICEMAX VKwgt Dwgt' C PRINT*,SICEMAX, VKwgt, 1.-VKwgt C PRINT*,'______________________________________________' ENDIF CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C RESET THE EXPNTL COEF AND CALC THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC EXPON = ( 2.0 * B ) + 3.0 WCND = DKSAT * FACTR2 ** EXPON C PRINT*,' WDFCND Results --------------------------------' C PRINT*,'B=',B C PRINT*,'DKSAT=',DKSAT C PRINT*,'DWSAT=',DWSAT C PRINT*,'EXPON=',EXPON C PRINT*,'FACTR2=',FACTR2 C PRINT*,'SMC=',SMC C PRINT*,'SMCMAX=',SMCMAX C PRINT*,'WCND=',WCND C PRINT*,'WDF=',WDF C PRINT*,' SMC WDF WCND B' C PRINT*,SMC,WDF,WCND,B RETURN END